SURVEYING CH 5

Question 1

The most commonly used reference datum is

Answer 1

mean sea level rise

Question 2

The vertical height of a point above or below a reference datum is
referred to as the

Answer 2

reduced level or the level of a point

Question 3

are used practically in all aspects of construction:
to produce ground contours on a plan; to enable the optimum
design of road, railway or canal gradients; to facilitate ground
modeling for accurate volumetric calculations.

Answer 3

reduced levels of

Question 4

use of reduced levels

Answer 4

to enable the optimum design of road, railway or canal gradients
to facilitate ground modeling for accurate volumetric calculations

Question 5

is the most widely used method for obtaining the
elevations of ground points relative to a reference datum and is
usually carried out as a separate procedure from that used for
fixing planimetric position

Answer 5

leveling

Question 6

involves the measurement of vertical distance relative to
a horizontal line of sight

Answer 6

leveling

Question 7

is one which at all points is normal to
the direction of the force of gravity as defined by a freely
suspended plumb-bob.

Answer 7

level line or level surface

Question 8

is one that is normal to the direction
of the force of gravity at a particular point.

Answer 8

horizontal line or surface

Question 9

is any reference surface to which the elevations of
points are referred

Answer 9

datum

Question 10

most common datum

Answer 10

msl

Question 11

In order to make MSL accessible to all users throughout the
country, a series of permanent marks were established, called

Answer 11

bench marks

Question 12

is its height above or below a reference datum.

Answer 12

reduced level of a point

Question 13

leveling methods

Answer 13

1. Direct or spirit leveling
2. Profile leveling
3. Reciprocal Leveling
4. Trigonometric Leveling
5. Stadia leveling
6. barometric leveling
7. cross-section leveling
8. borrow-pit leveling

Question 14

types of direct or spirit leveling

Answer 14

1. Differential Leveling
   2.Double-rodded Leveling
   3.Three-wire Leveling

Question 15

is the process of determining difference in
elevation of points, some distance apart by a series of set ups of a
leveling instrument along a selected route.

Answer 15

direct or spirit leveling

Question 16

is used to determine difference in elevation between
points at designated short measured intervals along established line to
provide data from which vertical section of the ground surface can be a
curved.

Answer 16

profile leveling

Question 17

is the process of determining the difference in
elevation between two intervisible points located at a considerable
distance apart and between points leveling could not be performed in the
usual manner.

Answer 17

reciprocal leveling

Question 18

is using trigonometric computation in
determining difference in elevation between two points from
measurements of its horizontal or slope distance and the vertical angle
between the points.

Answer 18

trigonometric leveling

Question 19

combines features of direct leveling with those of
trigonometric leveling.

Answer 19

stadia leveling

Question 20

is used to determine difference in elevation
between points by measuring the variation in atmospheric pressure at each
point by means of barometer.

Answer 20

barometric leveling

Question 21

is a representation of the ground
surface on either side of the centerline in highway construction.

Answer 21

cross-section leveling

Question 22

is a method of determining the relative
elevations of points in borrow pit excavations for the purpose of
calculating volumes of earthworks.

Answer 22

borrow-pit leveling

Question 23

is a process of determining the difference in elevation between
two or more points some distance apart.

Answer 23

differential leveling

Question 24

is a fixed point of reference whose elevation is either known
or unknown

Answer 24

bench mark

Question 25

is a reading taken on a rod held on a point of known or
assumed elevation.

Answer 25

backsight

Question 26

is a reading taken on a rod held on a point whose elevation is to
be determined.

Answer 26

foresight

Question 27

is horizontal distance from the center of the instrument to
the rod on which a backsight is taken.

Answer 27

backsight distance

Question 28

is a horizontal distance from the center of the instrument to t
he rod on which a foresight is taken.

Answer 28

foresight distance

Question 29

is an intervening point between two bench marks upon which
point foresight and backsight rod readings are taken to enable a leveling operation to continue from a new instrument position

Answer 29

turning point

Question 30

is the elevation of the line of sight of an instrument ab
ove or below a selected reference datum.

Answer 30

height of instrument

Question 31

is a process of determining difference in elevation along a fixed line at
designated short measured intervals such as centerline of highways or sewer.

Answer 31

profile leveling

Question 32

is a curved line which graphically portrays the intersection of a vertical
plane with the surface of the earth.

Answer 32

profile

Question 33

is a numerical designation given in terms of horizontal distance at any
point along a profile line

Answer 33

stationing

Question 34

are ground rod readings which are taken along the
centerline of the proposed project to provide an accurate representation of the
ground surface.

Answer 34

intermediate foresights

Question 35

are points which are established along a profile level route at
uniformly measured distances. These points are usually divisible by 100, 50, 30, 20, or 10.

Answer 35

full stations

Question 36

any other intermediate points established along a profile level route
other than full stations.

Answer 36

plus stations