Survey of Organisms

Question 1

Classification of Organisms

Answer 1

1. Taxonomy

2. Systematics - classification based on evolutionary group

Question 2

Kingdoms

Answer 2

1. Plant
2. Animals
3. Monera (bacteria)
4. Protista - w/o tissues
5. Fungi

Question 3

Carl Linnaus

Answer 3

• Established binomial nomenclature
• Wrote Species Planetarium - 1753
  1. Changes - 1st published has priority
  2. Reorganization of genus

Question 4

Hierarchy

Answer 4

DID KING PHILIP COME OVER FROM GERMANY STONED

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 5

Historic Classification

Answer 5

Based on visible traits - leaves, flowers, seeds, etc.

Question 6

Modern Classification

Answer 6

Based on DNA sequence

*Classifications are tentative and may be revised as new data is uncovered

Question 7

Carl Woese [1990]

Answer 7

-Proposed new grouping of 3 domains:

1. Archaea - prokaryotes [monera]
2. Bacteria - prokaryotes [monera]
3. Eukarya

Question 8

Archaea

Answer 8

• Unusual specimen
• Different from normal bacteria in
  1. cell structure
  2. metabolisms
  3. nucleic acid sequences

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

Types:

1. “normal”
2. Cyanobacteria

Question 10

Eukarya

Answer 10

• Nucleus present
• Single celled OR multicelled
• protista
• fungi
• plantae
• animalia

Question 11

Phylogeny

Answer 11

The history of ancestry of organisms as they change through time

*“evolutionary tree”

Question 12

Cladistics

Answer 12

• Way of classifying organisms

- Seperation of ancestral vs. derived traits

Question 13

Ancestral species either go extinct OR

Answer 13

evolve into derived species