Fungal Kingdom Flashcards
Characteristics of Fungal Kingdom
- Heterotrophic
- Non-motile
- Most multi-cellular (yeasts are exceptions)
- Mostly Decomposers - saprotrophs (dead)
- Secrete Exoenzymes
- Important Pathogens (ring worms, yeast inf., athletes foot)
- Cells Walls of Chitin
- Sexual & Asexual types
- Dikaryon Stage (2 unfused nuclei)
Vegetative State
- Hyphal threads (hypha=singular)
- Mycelium (collection of Hyphae)
Within the Fungal Kingdom
- Mushrooms
- Molds
- Mildews
- Yeasts
- Rusts
- Puffballs
Fungi produce both _______ and _______ spores
- Asexual
2. Sexual
Asexual Spores
[sporangiophore]
[conidiophore]
- Spores are:
- light
- travel with wind
- UV resistant
Sexual Reproduction
- plus strain
- minus strain
== fruiting body
Fungi are classified by type of sexual stage
- Spores produces in a sac (Ascomycota)
- Spores produced on a club (Basidiomycota)
- Spores born in zygosporangium (Zygomycota)
- Asexual Fungi
Phylum Ascomycota
- 70,000
- 70% of fungi
- Yeasts
- Truffles
- Mildews
- Cup fungi
- Morels
- Molds
Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (unicellular)
- important in alcohol, bread, & vitamin
- Yeasts produced by fission (budding)
Truffles
- Subterranean fungi
* Sexual scent to pigs to dig up
Mildews
- Pathogenic on plants and animals
Molds
- ASEXUAL
1. Penicillium
== (penecillin) – conidiospore
2. Aspergillus
== (swimmer’s ear) – conidiospore
SEXUAL
3. Ergot [in grain]
(ergot poisoning) == St. Anthony’s Fire
-mytotoxin (hallucinogen)
Sick Building Syndrome
- Stachybotrys
- cellulose
- gypsum
Phylum Basidiomycota
[ Basidium = club ]
[ Myco = fungus ]
- Sexual spores on a club
- 30% (30,000 species)
- Fairy ring (growth pattern)
Mushroom Morphology
- Cap
- Gills
- Stipe
- Mycelium
Types of Basidiomycota
A. Agaricus bisporus
B. Amanita muscaria
- contains muscarine (hallucinogens)
* spore print (recognizing mushrooms) [dropping of spores]
C. Puffballs
D. Earthstar [puffballs w/ things on end]
E. Jelly Fungi
F. Rust
G. Stinkhorn - smell gross, attract flies
H. Stinkhorse - spores transported by flies
I. Bolete - pores, not gills (most mushrooms have gills)
J. Shelf Fungi - cause heartrot (eats heartwood)
K. Chicken of the Woods - edible, depending on what it grows on (cannot eat from eucalyptus)
Phylum Zygomycota
[zygo = yolked (joined together)]
- 1%
- Major contaminant in labs
- germinated with spores
Mycotoxins of Zygomycota
- amanita phallodes - death
- andel - basidiomycota
- amanita muscaria - hallucinations *
Fungal Economics
- Rot
- Fermentation - bread, beer, whiskey, wine, brandy
- Antibiotics [alexander flemming 1928] - penecillin
- Parasites
- ringworm
- athletes foot
- thrush [throat]
- condida [goes
- vaginal yeast infections
- Cheeses
- Fermented foods
- Vitamins (yeast)
- Food products (citric acid)
- Industrial products (varnishes)
- Food
Mycorrhizae
- Plant-fungal associations
- Fungus provides minerals to plant by dissolving stuff from soil
- Plant gives fungus carbohydrates
[endomycorrhizae] - inside
[ectomycorrhizae] - inside
Lichens
- fungal-algal symbiosis
- mycobiont - fungus
- photobiont - algae, cyanobiont [produce carbohydrates]
- break down rocks to soil - can dissolves minerals
3 Growth Forms of Lichens
- Crustose lichens
- Foliose lichens
- Fruticose lichens
