Kingdom Protista Flashcards
1st eukaryotic organism in fossil was found _____
1.5 BYA
Endosymbiont Hypothesis
- Lynn Margulis
- Chloroplasts and Mitochondria originated as separate prokaryotic organisms that were taken inside a primordial eukaryotic cell
Algae have _____ species
25,000
Algal Life Cycle
- Sporophyte (multicellular 2N) produces spores
- Spores are unicellular (N)
- Spores germinate to produce gametophytes
- Gametophytes are multicellular (N)
- Gametophytes produce gametes
- Gametes are unicellular (N)
- Two gametes join (N+N) = 2N (zygote)
- Zygote becomes a sporophyte
Phylum Chloryphyta
= Green Algae [17,000 species] - Freshwater moss - Marine - Pigments: clorophyll A & B - Store food as starch (in plastids) - cellulose common as cell wall material * Probably ancestor to land plants
Unicellular representatives of Green Algae
- Chlorella
- Dunaliella
- Chlamydomonas
Chlorella
- Live in hollow hair of sloths [green algae]
Dunaliella
- Source of beta-carotene [green algae]
Chlamydomonas
- Common in freshwater [green algae]
*Chlamydomonas nivalis [snow]
- red, yellow, green
- carotenoids warm up algae by sun
- photosynthesize in snow
(phlagellum help move it back up to top of snow)
Multicellular Green Algae
- Filamentous Forms
- spirogyra - Thallose Forms
- Ulva: flat sheets - Colonial Forms
- Volvox, Hydrodictyon
Classes of Phylum Chromophyta
- Class Phaeophycae: Brown Algae
- Class Bascillariophycae: Diatoms
- chlorophyll a & c
Qualities of Phaeophyceae
- chlorophyll a & c
- 1500 species
- temperate
- kelp
-rockweeds
*Food: laminarian starch
SX: walls made up of algin [alginic acid] - type: laminaria (sea tangles)
Types of Brown Algae
- Macrocystis pyfera: Giant Kelp
[In temperate waters] = grows 0.5 meters/day
SX of Kelp
- Lamina
- Pneumatocyst
- Stipe
- Holdfast
Class Bacillariophycae
[diatoms] - Golden Algae - chlorophyll a & c - 6,000 to 10,000 species - pigement: fucoxanthin - diatoms [ diatomaceous earth == filters (swimming pools)]
Diatom Shapes
- Centric forms (circular) - mostly marine
- Pennate forms (kayak shape) - freshwater & marine
Valves in Diatoms
- 2 valves overlapping eachother
- made of silica
Diatom Division
- Asexual
- 1/2 stays the same size
- 1/2 divides smaller
Phylum Rhodophyta
- Red Algae
- chlorophyll a & d
- pigment: phyrobilin pigments - red
- 6,000 species
- mostly marine
- food: floridean starch
Species of Red Algae
- Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus)
* Has Carrageenan [milk protein stabilizer]
Agar is derived from _____
- Red Algae
Phylum Pyrrophyta
- Fire Algae
- Dinoflagellata
- Red Tides
- Has 2 phlagellums (1 down & 1 that wraps around)
example: Zooxanthellae [algae that lives inside coral]
Phylum Haptophyta
- Coccolithophores = forms chalk (limestone)
Algal Zonation
- Movement pattern of tides
Red Tides
- Algal bloom (in optimum conditions)
- light (temperature)
- nutrients
Slime Molds
- Phylum Dictyosteliomycota
- cellular slime molds
[dictostellium] - Phylum Mixomycota
- plasmodial slime molds
[Physarum]
Oomycota
- Water Molds
- Saprolegnia (infects grapes and fish tails
- Phytophthora infestans
- Potato Blight
- 1845 Irish Potato Famine
- Phytophthora ramorum
- Sudden Oak Death (bleeding, inner bark lesions)
