Kingdom Protista Flashcards

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1
Q

1st eukaryotic organism in fossil was found _____

A

1.5 BYA

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2
Q

Endosymbiont Hypothesis

A
  • Lynn Margulis
  • Chloroplasts and Mitochondria originated as separate prokaryotic organisms that were taken inside a primordial eukaryotic cell
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3
Q

Algae have _____ species

A

25,000

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4
Q

Algal Life Cycle

A
  • Sporophyte (multicellular 2N) produces spores
  • Spores are unicellular (N)
  • Spores germinate to produce gametophytes
  • Gametophytes are multicellular (N)
  • Gametophytes produce gametes
  • Gametes are unicellular (N)
  • Two gametes join (N+N) = 2N (zygote)
  • Zygote becomes a sporophyte
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5
Q

Phylum Chloryphyta

A
= Green Algae
[17,000 species]
- Freshwater moss
- Marine
- Pigments: clorophyll A & B
- Store food as starch (in plastids)
- cellulose common as cell wall material
* Probably ancestor to land plants
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6
Q

Unicellular representatives of Green Algae

A
  • Chlorella
  • Dunaliella
  • Chlamydomonas
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7
Q

Chlorella

A
  • Live in hollow hair of sloths [green algae]
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8
Q

Dunaliella

A
  • Source of beta-carotene [green algae]
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9
Q

Chlamydomonas

A
  • Common in freshwater [green algae]

*Chlamydomonas nivalis [snow]
- red, yellow, green
- carotenoids warm up algae by sun
- photosynthesize in snow
(phlagellum help move it back up to top of snow)

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10
Q

Multicellular Green Algae

A
  1. Filamentous Forms
    - spirogyra
  2. Thallose Forms
    - Ulva: flat sheets
  3. Colonial Forms
    - Volvox, Hydrodictyon
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11
Q

Classes of Phylum Chromophyta

A
  • Class Phaeophycae: Brown Algae
  • Class Bascillariophycae: Diatoms
  • chlorophyll a & c
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12
Q

Qualities of Phaeophyceae

A
  • chlorophyll a & c
  • 1500 species
  • temperate
  • kelp
    -rockweeds
    *Food: laminarian starch
    SX: walls made up of algin [alginic acid]
  • type: laminaria (sea tangles)
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13
Q

Types of Brown Algae

A
  • Macrocystis pyfera: Giant Kelp

[In temperate waters] = grows 0.5 meters/day

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14
Q

SX of Kelp

A
  • Lamina
  • Pneumatocyst
  • Stipe
  • Holdfast
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15
Q

Class Bacillariophycae

A
[diatoms]
- Golden Algae
- chlorophyll a & c
- 6,000 to 10,000 species
- pigement: fucoxanthin - diatoms
[ diatomaceous earth == filters (swimming pools)]
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16
Q

Diatom Shapes

A
  • Centric forms (circular) - mostly marine

- Pennate forms (kayak shape) - freshwater & marine

17
Q

Valves in Diatoms

A
  • 2 valves overlapping eachother

- made of silica

18
Q

Diatom Division

A
  • Asexual
  • 1/2 stays the same size
  • 1/2 divides smaller
19
Q

Phylum Rhodophyta

A
  • Red Algae
  • chlorophyll a & d
  • pigment: phyrobilin pigments - red
  • 6,000 species
  • mostly marine
  • food: floridean starch
20
Q

Species of Red Algae

A
  • Irish Moss (Chondrus crispus)

* Has Carrageenan [milk protein stabilizer]

21
Q

Agar is derived from _____

A
  • Red Algae
22
Q

Phylum Pyrrophyta

A
  • Fire Algae
  • Dinoflagellata
  • Red Tides
  • Has 2 phlagellums (1 down & 1 that wraps around)

example: Zooxanthellae [algae that lives inside coral]

23
Q

Phylum Haptophyta

A
  • Coccolithophores = forms chalk (limestone)
24
Q

Algal Zonation

A
  • Movement pattern of tides
25
Q

Red Tides

A
  • Algal bloom (in optimum conditions)
  • light (temperature)
  • nutrients
26
Q

Slime Molds

A
  • Phylum Dictyosteliomycota
  • cellular slime molds
    [dictostellium]
  • Phylum Mixomycota
  • plasmodial slime molds
    [Physarum]
27
Q

Oomycota

A
  • Water Molds
  • Saprolegnia (infects grapes and fish tails
  • Phytophthora infestans
  • Potato Blight
  • 1845 Irish Potato Famine
  • Phytophthora ramorum
  • Sudden Oak Death (bleeding, inner bark lesions)