Survey of medical Virology (+/- RNA) and (+ RNA via DNA)

Question 1

What is the only kind of +/- RNA virus?

Answer 1

double capsid Reo

Question 2

What is REO an acronym for?

Answer 2

respiratory enteric orphan

Question 3

What kind of virus is a rotavirus?

Answer 3

Reovirus Rotavirus

Question 4

Rotavirus has a (blank) genome

Answer 4

segmented, double stranded RNA genome

Question 5

How do you transmit the rotavirus?

Answer 5

fecal-oral route

Question 6

What does rotavirus cause when transmitted by fecal-oral route?

Answer 6

gastroenteritis

Question 7

What is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children?

Answer 7

Rotavirus

Question 8

WHere does the rotavirus replicate?

Answer 8

in the mucosal cells of the small intestine

Question 9

How does rotavirus present?

Answer 9

characterized by nausea ,vomiting and watery, non bloody diarrhea, low grade fever, common in children

Question 10

How do you diagnose rotavirus?

Answer 10

via clinical symptoms (may use ELISA on stool samples)

Question 11

How should you treat rotavirus?

Answer 11

oral rehydration therapy to replace fluids and electrolytes

Question 12

Is there a vaccine for rotavirus?

Answer 12

yes 2

rotarix and rota teq

Question 13

Since dsRNA contain a + strand, it cannot be translated as part of a duplex. So what must happen?

Answer 13

the (-) strand of the genomic dsRNA is first copied into mRNAs by a viral RNA-depenent RNA polymerase to produc viral proteins. Newly synthesized mRNAs are encapsulated and then copied to produce dsRNAs

Question 14

A 10-month-year-old infant is admitted to the pediatric unit with a 2-day history of fever, vomiting, and watery, non-bloody diarrhea. Physical examination reveals a mildly dehydrated infant with a temperature of 100.4oF but who is otherwise normal. A 3-year-old sister attends a daycare center and had a mild episode of diarrhea a week ago.

What is this?

Answer 14

Reovirus-rotavirus

Question 15

What is the only type of +RNA via DNA virus?

Answer 15

encapsulated Retro

Question 16

What kind of virus is human T-lymphocyte virus?

Answer 16

retroviradea

Question 17

HTLV is a (blank) , associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)

Answer 17

oncovirus

Question 18

How is HTLV spread?

Answer 18

by infected lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells)

Question 19

Where will the infected T cells of HTLV be found?

Answer 19

in semen, blood, and breast milk

Question 20

What is the incubation period of ATL?

Answer 20

long incubation period (20-50 years)

Question 21

What are some clinical presentations of HTLV?

Answer 21

increased skin lesions, leukemia cells, hepatosplenomegaly, and hypercalcemia

Question 22

How do you diagnose HTLV?

Answer 22

ELISA for antibody (serology)

Question 23

Is there a vaccine or therapy for HTLV?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

A 60-year-old immigrant for the Caribbean Islands was seen by a physician with complaints of persistent skin rash, fatigue, swollen glands in the groin and under arms and a distended abdomen. Physical exam revealed an enlarged liver and spleen and extensive skin rashes. Laboratory finding demonstrated a marked lymphocytosis with pleiotropic features, elevated LDH and hypercalcemia
What is this?

Answer 24

Retroviradae Human T lymphotropic virus

Question 25

What kind of virus is human immunodeficiency virus?

Answer 25

retroviradae

Question 26

How does HIV work?

Answer 26

its gp120 bind CD4 receptor on T cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells to kill them.

Question 27

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 27

sexual contact, blood, IV drug use and vertically

Question 28

What is common in HIV?

Answer 28

opportunistic microbial infections

Question 29

What does HIV present as?

Answer 29

acute phase- "flu like" symptoms followed by clinical latency period of weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy

Question 30

HOw long does it take HIV to turn into AIDS?

Answer 30

about 10 years

Question 31

What is AIDS?

Answer 31

CD4+ T ell count of 200 cells/ml (normal 800-1200 cells/ml)

Question 32

How do you diagnose AIDS?

Answer 32

serology and RT PCR to quantitate viral load

Question 33

How do you treat AIDS?

Answer 33

HAART | High active anti-retroiral therapy; no vaccine

Question 34

A 40-year-old male was seen by his internist with chief complaints of fever, night sweats, increased episodes of diarrhea during the past month, and a 30 pound weight loss over the previous 4 months. On physical exam, he had oral thrush, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings were significant for a CD4+ cell count of 30 cells /mL.

Answer 34

Retroviradae – Human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS