Survery of Medical Virology- Aucoin (+ strand RNA viruses)

Question 1

What are the three encapsulated +RNA viruses?

Answer 1

Toga
Flavi
Corona

Question 2

What kind of virus is the rubella virus?

Answer 2

togavirus-rubivirus-rubella virus

Question 3

How is rubella virus transmitted?

Answer 3

via respiratry droplets and mother to fetus transplacentally

Question 4

CDC declared rubella eliminated from US in 2005, but it remains enemic in developing countries and is called (blank)

Answer 4

german measles

Question 5

Where is the initial replication taking place in rubella virus?
Where does it spread to and how?

Answer 5

nasopharynx and local lymph nodes, spreads via blood to internal organs and skin

Question 6

How does rubella present itself in children?

Answer 6

usually mild, symptoms including rash, low fever (<39 degree celcius) nausea and mild conjuctivitis

Question 7

Congenital rubella syndrome causes significant (blank)

Answer 7

malformations (infection during pregnancy)

Question 8

How do you diagnose Rubella virus?

Answer 8

detection of IgM or 4-fold rise in IgG titers

Question 9

How do you protect yourself against Rubella and how long are you protected?

Answer 9

live attenuatd vaccine is protective for at least 10 years

Question 10

A pregnant 16-year-old female living in Haiti is brought to the hospital in labor. The mother had a flu-like illness with a low-grade fever, maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy during the second month of pregnancy. On examination the baby has a blueberry muffin rash and cataracts.
What is this?

Answer 10

togavirus-rubivirus- rubella virus

Question 11

(blank) are viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors.

Answer 11

Arbovirus

Question 12

The word arbovirus is an acronym for what?

Answer 12

ARthropod-BOrne virus

Question 13

What is a common vector for for arboviruses?

Answer 13

mosquitoes

Question 14

What are the common clinical features of an arbovirus?

Answer 14

fever, headache, malaise…encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever may occur

Question 15

What are the three arboviruses?

Answer 15

togaviruses
flaviviruses
bunyaviruses

Question 16

What type of virus is Eastern equine encephaitis virus?

Answer 16

Togavirus-alphavirus-eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE)

Question 17

What kind of virus is EEE?

Answer 17

an arbovirus

Question 18

How is EEE spread?

Answer 18

mosquitos transfer virus from wild birds (reservoir) to humans

Question 19

What is the mortality rate of EEE?

Answer 19

33% mortality rate

0-4 cases per year, outbreaks can occur

Question 20

EEE is prevalent in what population in the US?

Answer 20

in horses (i.e it is epizootic)

Question 21

What are the symptoms of EEE?

Answer 21

severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, fever; changes in mental status, seizures and coma occurs

Question 22

If you survive an EEE infection what will you be left with?

Answer 22

brain damage

Question 23

How do you diagnose EEE?

Answer 23

isolating virus or detecting rise in antibody titer

Question 24

Is there a way to prevent or treat EEE?

Answer 24

no (unless your a horse)

Question 25

A 55-year-old man living on the Eastern Shore of Georgia is brought to the local health department clinic in August with a high fever, stiff neck, severe headache, and lethargy. Interestingly, there have been a number of deaths in horses from encephalitis in the region What is this?

Answer 25

togavirus-alphavirus-EEE

Question 26

What kind of virus is western equine encephalitis virus?

Answer 26

togavirus-alphavirus-WEE

Question 27

WEE is an arbovirus T or F?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Where do you primarily see WEE?

Answer 28

west of mississippi and south america

Question 29

How is WEE spread?

Answer 29

mosquitos transfer virus from wild birds (reservoir) to humans

Question 30

What is the mortality rate of WEE

Answer 30

2%, 5-20 cases per year

Question 31

Is WEE more serve or less severe than EEE?

Answer 31

less severe

Question 32

How do you diagnose WEE?

Answer 32

by isolating virus or detecting rise in antibody titer

Question 33

Is there an antivirus or vaccine available?

Answer 33

no (unless you are a horse)

Question 34

What kind of viruse is the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus?

Answer 34

togavirus-alphavirus-VEE | and an arbovirus

Question 35

How is VEE passed on?

Answer 35

mosquitos transfer virus from equines (horses) to humans

Question 36

Where do you find VEE?

Answer 36

predominantly in south and central american but recently has spread to US

Question 37

What are the signs of VEE infection?

Answer 37

flu-like symptoms, high fever, headache

Question 38

When does VEE become fatal?

Answer 38

for people with weakened immune systems

Question 39

Is there a vaccine for VEE?

Answer 39

YES for humans and horses

Question 40

Who are vaccinated against VEE in the US?

Answer 40

at risk military and laboratory personnel

Question 41

What kind of virus is Dengue virus?

Answer 41

Flavi-dengue virus | and it is an arbovirus

Question 42

Where do you find flavi-dengue virus?

Answer 42

endemic in SE asia, central and south america, and caribbean (not US)

Question 43

Is dengue common?

Answer 43

yes, infects 50-100 million a year | imported cases are common in US

Question 44

How many serotypes of dengue are there?

Answer 44

four serotypes

Question 45

What is the clinical presentation of dengue fever?

Answer 45

acute febrile, headache, retroocular pain, rash, myalgia and bone pain "breakbone fever" -rarely fatal

Question 46

What is the clinical presentation of dengue hemorrhagic fever?

Answer 46

symptoms progress to prostration, GI, skin hemorrhage, shock and coma

Question 47

How do you diagnose dengue fever? | Is ther a vaccine or treatment?

Answer 47

IgM diagnosis | No

Question 48

A 24-year-old medical student is seen by her primary care physician because of sudden onset of fever (104oC), chills, severe headache/pain around the eyeballs, and muscle and bone pain. On examination she has a faint, generalized macular rash. She returned to the US 2 days earlier from a tropical medicine elective in the Caribbean islands. What is this

Answer 48

Flavi-dengue virus

Question 49

What kind of virus is west nile virus?

Answer 49

flavi -west nile virus | and it is an arbovirus

Question 50

How is west nile transmitted?

Answer 50

bite of mosquitos, birds (crows) susceptible

Question 51

Who are at high risk of west nile virus?

Answer 51

children and elderly at higher risk

Question 52

How does west nile attack your body?

Answer 52

virus is innocuated into blood, spreads via monocytes/macrophages, brain is the target organ

Question 53

In 2012, WNV killed 286 people in the US, making the year the deadliest on record for the US

Answer 53

thats sad :(

Question 54

Less than (blank) percent of people with WNV are symptomatic with serious neurological illness.

Answer 54

1%

Question 55

What are the symptoms of WNV?

Answer 55

range from flu-like to encephalitis | -headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, neck stiffness.

Question 56

Is there a vaccine for WNV?

Answer 56

no vaccine and no specific treatment

Question 57

How do you diagnose WNV?

Answer 57

virus specific IgM in the serum or CSF

Question 58

A 70-year-old man from Minnesota was admitted to the hospital in August 2003 with complaints of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, ataxia, and muscle weakness. According the the patient’s daughter, he had been healthy until 2 days ago when he complained of flu-like symptoms including fever, neck stiffness, and vomiting. His history was significant for hypertension. He has no recent travel outside the area, is retired, and is an avid fisherman. An epidemic of dead crows has been reported in the county.

Answer 58

Flavi- West nile virus

Question 59

What is St. Louis encephalitis?

Answer 59

a flaviviridae - st louis encephalitis | AND it is an arbovirus

Question 60

When do you typically have outbreaks of St. Louis encephalitis?

Answer 60

outbreaks occur throughout US in late summer and early fall

Question 61

What country does St. Louis encephalitis effect mostly?

Answer 61

US

Question 62

What are the symptoms of SLE?

Answer 62

range from flu-like symtpoms to encephalitis

Question 63

What can cause this: | neuroinvasive infections headache, nausea, high fever, malaise, myalgia, backache, neck stiffness

Answer 63

SLE

Question 64

What is the mortality of SLE?

Answer 64

3-30% with elderly at risk

Question 65

How do you diagnose SLE?

Answer 65

serodiagnosis of IgM in serum or CSF

Question 66

A 67-year-old man from Florida was admitted to the hospital in September with symptoms of high fever, headache, neck stiffness and disorientation. the patient was well until 3 days ago when he developed a mild flu-like illness. He works part time in the evenings for a landscaping firm. West Nile virus IgM assay of the CSF were negative. What is this?

Answer 66

SLE

Question 67

What kind of virus is yellow fever virus?

Answer 67

flavi- yellow fever virus | and it is an arbovirus

Question 68

Where do you find Yellow fever virus?

Answer 68

endemic to Africa and South america (not us)

Question 69

WHO estimates that yellow fever causes (blank) illness and (blank) deaths every year in unvaccinated populations (90% in africa)

Answer 69

200,000 | 30,000

Question 70

What can yellow fever cause?

Answer 70

hemorrhagic fever caused by jaundice, fever, headache, myalgia, black vomit, hemorrhages

Question 71

What is the mortality rate of yellow fever virus?

Answer 71

20-50%

Question 72

How do you diagnose yellow fever?

Answer 72

serodiagnosis by detection of IgM

Question 73

Is there a treatment or vaccine for yellow fever?

Answer 73

there isnt a treatment but there is a highly effective live attenuated virus vaccine

Question 74

What kind of virus is Hep C?

Answer 74

Flavi-hep C virus

Question 75

How do you transmit HCV?

Answer 75

parentally

Question 76

Who are at high risk for Hep C virus?

Answer 76

Iv drug users and organ transplant recipients

Question 77

What Is the worldwide distribution of Hep C virus?

Answer 77

130-200 million infected

Question 78

HCV associated (blank) is most common indication for a liver transplant

Answer 78

cirrhosis

Question 79

HCV infects (blank); liver injury from CTLs

Answer 79

hepatocytes

Question 80

Primary infection of HCV are either (blank) or (blank)

Answer 80

asymptomatic or may cause mild illness

Question 81

What are the symptoms of acute infection of HCV?

Answer 81

decreased appetite, fatigue, nasua, muscle'/joint pain, weight loss

Question 82

What is characteristic of chronic hepatitis?

Answer 82

develops in 75% of patients and they may progress to cirrhosis

Question 83

Liver cirrhosis patients are predisposed to (blank)

Answer 83

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 84

How do you diagnosis HCV?

Answer 84

serology or RT-PCR for virion RNA

Question 85

How do you treat HCV?

Answer 85

Sovaldi (inhibits HCV polymerase), IFN, Ribavirin | no vaccine is available

Question 86

A 58-year-old white male is seen by his primary care physician with complaints of fever, abdominal pain, and dark urine. Past history is significant for injection drug use and alcohol abuse. On examination, he has a fever, hepatomegaly, an is icteric. Hepatitis B (HBV) serology was negative.

Answer 86

Hep C virus

Question 87

Whats second to rhinovirus in causing common colds?

Answer 87

coronavirus (separate from SARS)

Question 88

What kind of virus is a coronavirus?

Answer 88

coronaviridae

Question 89

What does the coronavirus cause?

Answer 89

SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)

Question 90

How do you transmit the corona virsu?

Answer 90

respiratory aerosol

Question 91

Cold caused by coronaviruses result in what kind of symptoms?

Answer 91

runny nose sore throat low grade fever

Question 92

Coronovirus infection is limited to the (blank) cells of the respiratory tract`

Answer 92

mucosal cells

Question 93

What are SARS symptoms like (caused by corona virus)?

Answer 93

Flu-like, fever, dyspnea, hypoxia

Question 94

atypical pneumonica caused by (blank) is characterized by diffuse edema resulting in hypoxia.

Answer 94

SARS

Question 95

In July 2003, a 40-year-old male business man contacted his family physician by telephone with complaints of high fever and shortness of breath. He told the physician that 10 days earlier he had retuned from a business trip to Hong Kong and was worried he may have gotten sick there. The man was admitted to an isolation room in the hospital. On physical examination, he had a fever of 101oF, dyspnea, a dry cough, and bilateral lung infiltrates seen on chest radiograph.

Answer 95

coronaviridae-coronavirus