Survey of Medical Virology- AuCoin Flashcards
1
Q
What are the four types of RNA viruses?
A
+RNA
-RNA
+/- RNA
+ RNA via DNA
2
Q
What are the 2 types of + RNA viruses?
A
N and E
3
Q
What are the types of -RNA viruses?
A
E
4
Q
What are the types of +/- RNA viruses?
A
double capsid
5
Q
What are the types of +RNA via DNA viruses?
A
E
6
Q
What are the +RNA N viruses?
A
picorna
caici
7
Q
What are the +RNA E viruses?
A
toga
flavi
corona
8
Q
What are the -RNA E viruses?
A
Rhabdo Filo Orthomyxo Paramyxo Bunya Arena
9
Q
What are the +/- RNA double capsid viruses?
A
Reo
10
Q
What are the + RNA via DNA E viruses?
A
retro
11
Q
What are the 2 types of DNA virsues?
A
enveloped
naked capsid
12
Q
What are the three types of enveloped DNA viruses?
A
pox
herpes
hepadna
13
Q
What are the 4 types of naked capsids?
A
polyoma, papilloma, adeno
Parvo
14
Q
What are the three subtypes of viruses within the Picornaviradae family?
A
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
Heparnavirus
15
Q
What are the four enteroviruses of the picornaviradae family?
A
poliovirus
coxsackie A and B
Echovirus
Enterovirus
16
Q
What is the rhinovirus of the Picronaviradea family?
A
rhinovirus
17
Q
What is the heparnavirus of the picornaviradea family?
A
hepatitis A virus
18
Q
What is this:
naked (N), small, icosahedral (ICO) capsid enclosing (+) ssRNA genome
A
Picornaviruses
19
Q
(blank) are resistant to ph 3-9, detergents, sewage treatment and heat.
A
Enteroviruses
20
Q
(blank) are labile at acidic pH; optimum growth is 33 degrees celcius
A
Rhinovirus
21
Q
What is the genome of the picornaviradae and what does this mean?
A
it is mRNA (infectious without capsid)
22
Q
Where does the picornaviradae repicate?
A
in the cytoplasm (most RNA viruses)
23
Q
During replication, what does Picornaviradae create?
A
polyprotein produced from viral RNA genome
24
Q
Viral encoded (blank) is essential for repliction of RNA viruses in the cytoplasm
A
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
25
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (needs/does not need) to be included in the virion for (+) sense RNA viruses?
Does not need
26
How is the picronaviridae enterovirus poliovirus transmitted?
by fecal-oral route
27
T or F
Paralytic polio remains high in developing countries
Only 1% of infections are clinically apparent
T
28
Where do you initially have replication of the polio virus?
oropharynx and small intestine (causes nausea and vomiting)
29
How can the polio disease appear?
disease range from asymptomatic to paralytic poliomyelitis
30
What is poliomyelitis
an acute viral infection of the meninges and the motor neurons of the spina cord and brainstem
31
Can you find polio in the western hemisphere? Where can you find it?
no (due to salk and sabin vaccines)
| Nigeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan
32
What signs can be used to diagnose poliomyelitis?
acute onset of flaccid paralysis, recovery of poliovirus from a stool sample or a swab of the pharynx
33
A 10-year old boy in Nigeria is seen by a CDC physician with a chief complaint of increasing weakness in one leg. Ten days earlier, he had a minor illness consisting of nausea and vomiting that was followed by a sensation of numbness in his left leg.What does this poor child have?
poliomyelitis
34
Which is more severe, viral meningitis or bacterial meningitis?
bacterial meningitis
35
What category of viruses is viral meningitis?
picornavirus-enterovirus
36
Most viral meningitis causes (blank) which is caused by enteroviruses
summer
37
Who does viral meningitis occur in mostly?
children younger than age 5
38
How can you get viral meningitis?
changing a diaper or using the toilet and not properly washing hands after
39
(blank) infection is characterized by sudden onset of fever, headache, and stiff neck
meningitis
40
What is often accompanied with fever, headache and stiff neck in meningitis?
sensitivity to light (photophobia)
altered mental state
vomiting
nausea
41
The symptoms of viral meningitis usally last (blank) days and people with normal immune systems usually recover completely.
7 to 10 days
42
If meningitis is suspected what should you take to diagnose it?
samples of blood or CSF for testing
43
What family does coxsackie virus belong to?
picronaviridae enteroviruses
44
How do you get coxsackie?
in young people, transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory aerosols
45
THere are 2 groups of coxsacki virus, what are they?
Group A = herpangina
| Group B= Pleurodynia and myocarditis
46
What is herpangina?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
| ulcers in oropharynx, fever, sore throat
47
What is Pleurodynia?
fever and severe pleuritic-type chest pain
48
What is myocarditis?
fever, chest pain, and signs of congestive heart failure
49
Both A and B groups of the coxsackie virus can cause what 2 things?
aseptic meningitis and mild paralysis
50
How do you diagnose Coxsackie virus?
PCR of enterviral RNA in spinal fluid... no treament :(
51
What does the ECHO virus stand for and what virus family does it belong to?
ECHO-Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan
| Picornaviridae, enterovirus echovirus
52
How can you get echovirus?
via fecal-oral route
| transmitted in pool water
53
Along with coxsackie virus, echoviruses are a leading cause of (blank)
aseptic (viral) meningitis
54
What other things can ECHO virus cause other than aseptic meningitis?
upper respiratory tract infection, febrile illness, infantile diarrhea, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, and hand foot and mout disease
55
How do you diagnose ECHO?
PCR (no antiviral therapy or vaccine available :( )
56
What family does the rhinovirus belong in?
picornaviridae-rhinovirus
57
What does rhinovirus mainly cause?
common cold
58
How many types of the rhinovirus is there?
over 100 serological types
59
How is the rhinovirus transmitted?
by aerosolized droplets or fomites
60
What is the portal of entry for rhinovirus?
upper respiratory tract (infection is limited to that region)
61
What degree does rhinovirus replicated best at?
33 degrees celcius. (infects nose rather than lower respiratory tract)
62
For rhinovirus, after an incubation period of (blank) days, sneezing, nasal discharge, sore throat, cough, and headache are common (usually no fever, aches).
2 to 4 days
63
An 18-year old college student is seen in the university health clinic with complaints of sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, headache, sore throat and cough for 3 days. Physical examination revealed an afebrile, normal-appearing male patient.
what is it?
picornaviridae-rhinovirus-rhinovirus
64
A 14-year old girl is seen in a pediatric practice with sudden onset of fever (103oF), headache, stiff neck, and photophobia. She returned home the previous week from summer vacation at a recreational vehicle campsite that featured a campground pool.
What is it?
coxsackievirus and echovirus (non-polio enterovirus)
65
What type of virus is hep A?
picornaviridae-heparnavirus-hep a
66
What is another name for hep A?
entervirus 72 (only one serotype)
67
How do you transmit hep A?
fecal-oral route (poor sanitation and poor hygiene)
| infected from fecally contaminated water and food
68
What are the symptoms of hep a?
fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.
69
What are these signs of:
| dark urine, pale feces, elevated transaminase levels (AST and ALT)
Hep A
70
Is hep A super severe?
can be, it can present asymptomatically, mildly or severe debilitating disease
71
When can IgG be detected when exposed to hep A?
1-3 weeks later and provides life long protection
72
When will hep A resolve?
2-4 weeks; no chronic infection/hepatocellular carcinoma
73
How can you diagnose Hep A?
IgM or 4-fold rise in IgG titer
74
Is there a vaccine for Hep A?
yes! and recommended for those who travel
75
A 25-year-old man is seen in an outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of fatigue, nausea, and vomiting for the past several days. He had noticed that morning that this urine was dark yellow. On physical examination, the patient has a low-grade fever and mild abdominal pain and is jaundiced. He denies intravenous drug use or multiple sexual partners. He attended a Burning Man 3 weeks earlier. He is a cook a the local university dining hall. What is this?
picornaviridae-heparnaviruse-Hep A
76
What is the number one risk factor for Hep A in the US?
international travel
77
Where is Hep A most prevalent?
Africa
| India
78
In the + RNA viruses, what is the other group of naked viruses other than picorna?
Calici
79
What kind of virus is a norwalk virus?
caliciviradae-norovirus-norwalk virus
80
What is the main pathogen in the calici viruses?
norwalk virus
81
how is the norwalk virus transmitted?
fecal-oral route
82
What is one of the most common causes of viral gastroenteritis in older children and adults?
gastroenteritis
83
How do you get Norwalk virus commonly?
ingestion of contaminated seafood or water (cruise ships, pools)
84
What cells does the norwalk virus attack?
mucosal cells of GI tract
85
What is the norwalk disease characterized by?
sudden onest of vomiting, diarrhea (non-bloody), low-grade fever and abdominal cramping
86
What is the incubation period of norwalk virus and is it preventable?
short-less than 24 hours
| no vaccine or therapy
87
How can you diagnose norwalk?
PCR on stool
88
A 12-year old girl is seen by her pediatrician with symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, chills, and fever. Symptoms began one day after attending a school dinner and pool partly at a local country club.
what is this?
Calici-norovirus-norwalk virus
