Surveillance and Deviance

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

Attitudes, behaviors, or conditions that violate social norms

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

Rules and expectations that guide behavior, based on values; often informal

Question 3

Folkways

Answer 3

Informal, less serious norms (ex. customs, traditions, etiquette)

Question 4

Mores

Answer 4

Norms that are considered very important (strongly tied to values)

Question 5

Laws

Answer 5

Codified norms

Question 6

Taboos

Answer 6

Extremely inappropriate norms that are never acceptable to defy (ex. incest)

Question 7

Stigma

Answer 7

When a characteristic of an individual/group is seen as undesirable and they face negative sanction for it

Question 8

Social Control

Answer 8

How societies influence behavior

Question 9

Necessary Conditions for Deviance

Answer 9

1) A norm/rule exists
2) Someone violates, or is thought to violate a norm/rule
3) People judge the norm violation to be wrong
4) There is some likelihood that the audience will react negatively

Question 10

Moral Panic

Answer 10

Temporary, but intense concern about a social issue that is perceived as a major problem, combined with hostility directed at those perceived to be the cause

Question 11

Moral Entreprenuers

Answer 11

Individuals/groups who raise those concerns and help to create a moral panic

Question 12

Labeling Theory

Answer 12

People become deviants by being labeled as deviants; self-fulfilling prophecy

Think about symbolic-interactionist

Question 13

Opportunity Theory

Answer 13

Some people have more access to subcultures and resources that allow them to be deviant

Question 14

Control Theory

Answer 14

Ties to mainstream groups and institutions make someone less likely to be deviant; weak bonds make deviance more likely

Question 15

Functionalist Perspective of Deviance

Answer 15

Negative responses to deviance strengthen social norms and social cohesion; it ties people together

Without knowing what’s deviant, people cannot know what’s “normal”/expected. Changes over time

Question 16

Social Change

Answer 16

Many people accept or embrace what was once considered deviant (ex. LGBT rights, clothing styles, marijuana, etc.)

Question 17

Strain Theory

Answer 17

When there’s a mismatch between the goals individuals have and the means they have to achieve them

Question 18

Robert K. Merton’s Deviance Typology

Answer 18

View chart

Question 19

Conflict Perspective of Deviance

Answer 19

Rules, norms, and values that are shaped by power relations. Dominant groups define what’s deviant. They establish hegemony through a combination of force and constant. Definitions of deviance are established for dominant groups to maintain power in society

Question 20

Medicalization

Answer 20

A problem previously considered nonmedical is now considered a medical issue (ex. identities of new illnesses and disorders). What’s “normal” becomes more narrow and what’s outside of it is deviant and should be fixed

Question 21

Conformity

Answer 21

Individuals accepts both the socially approved goals and values that come with them. Have the means to achieve them (so they can follow norms)

Question 22

Innovation

Answer 22

Someone shares socially approved values and goals, but rejects the means to achieve them. Use new, unapproved methods to achieve goals

Question 23

Ritualism

Answer 23

People follow socially-approved means to success, but reject the goals

Question 24

Retreatism

Answer 24

Reject both the socially-prescribed goals and the normative means to achieve those goals. They withdraw

Question 25

Rebellion

Answer 25

Reject both goals and means, and try to disrupt the system

Question 26

Worldview

Answer 26

A group that’s so homogeneous that they tend to share values and beliefs

Example: Elites assume their interests are also society’s best interests

Question 27

Hegemony

Answer 27

A type of domination where the powerful get the consent of everyone else

Question 28

Theory of Differential Association

Answer 28

Deviance is a learned behavior, mostly through intimate, personal contacts (friends/family)