Family

Question 1

Family

Answer 1

A group of people who are connected by blood, a sexual relationship, or the law

Question 2

Kinship

Answer 2

Relationships defined by blood, affinity, and adoption (ex. Parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, or people we choose to be related to)

Question 3

Marraige

Answer 3

A socially sanctioned union that includes legal rights and responsibilities of spouses to each other, their children, and the larger society

Question 4

Adoption

Answer 4

Voluntarily choosing to have a legal parent-child relationship, not related by blood

Question 5

Blended Families

Answer 5

Families with step-parents, step-siblings, or half-siblings

Question 6

Matrilineal

Answer 6

Kinship between generations through the mother’s line, passing down names, property, and titles from mothers to their daughters

Question 7

Patrilineal

Answer 7

Kinship between generations through the father’s line, passing down names, property, and titles from fathers to their sons

Question 8

Universal Norms

Answer 8

Norms that exist in virtually all societies

Question 9

Incest Taboo

Answer 9

Cultural prohibition against sexual activity between relatives

Question 10

Polygamy – Polygyny and Polyandry

Answer 10

Having multiple spouses at once. Polygyny is when a man has multiple wives and polyandry is when a women has multiple husbands. Polyandry is less common

Question 11

Nuclear Families

Answer 11

A married couple with dependent children

Question 12

Breadwinner-homemaker Model

Answer 12

Gendered labour arrangement where a partner (often, the man) works to make money and the other (often, the woman) stays home and did chores and takes care of their children

Question 13

Dual-earner Arrangement

Answer 13

Both spouses have wage-earning jobs, but women have a “second-shift,” where they do childcare and housework when they come home

The second-shift is magnified when a woman is more successful at her work as men feel their masculinity is threatened, so they’re more assertive

This gender division persists because women view this problem to be micro-level, rather than institutional level

Question 14

Same-sex Couples Relationship Qualities

Answer 14

They are more egalitarian (people are equal), most notably, lesbian relationships. Sharing labour results in a more satisfying relationship

Question 15

Future of Families: Economic

Answer 15

Socioeconomic disparities are rising. It’s ingrained in our social institutions and is difficult to change. Middle class is disappearing as wealthy parents continually become wealthier while the bottom becomes poorer

Eliminating the voice of working people in political decision-working threatens the strength of American democracy

Question 16

Future of Families: Demographic

Answer 16

Marriages between mixed races rises, as well as the number of immigrants. This threatens undocumented immigrants for deportation. Deportation is expected to increase and affects families and causes extreme stress, which is related to health problems

Question 17

Future of Families: Sociocultural

Answer 17

Sociocultural is the development of interpersonal relationships and boundaries. Work and family demand time, so children must decide what bonds they want to create while parents have to learn to balance. Since gender boundaries are no longer clear, parents must decide how to balance work and and family time

Question 18

Future of Families: Technological

Answer 18

People are having fewer children and the population is getting older. This may increase multigenerational households, where multiple generations live under the same roof. Also the sandwich generation may rise, where people take care of their senior parents and their children.

Maybe technology will develop to allow working conditions to be more flexible, providing relief for the child and elder-care conundrum

Ex. Birth control is the biggest advancement in gender equality

Question 19

Friendships

Answer 19

No clear category of friendship, so some people may liken it to siblingship or a wedlock type, but nothing can clearly define it

Question 20

Extended Family

Answer 20

Aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same house

Grandparents acting as parents, often the result of parental drug abuse, incarceration, or abandonment

Question 21

Cohabitation and 4 Characteristics

Answer 21

Man and woman in a social relationship live together without being married.

1. ) This has increased because of the decrease in social stigma
2. ) “Trial run” for marriage, usually resulting in marriage
3. ) Has little effect on the success of a marriage
4. ) May contribute to delayed marriage

Question 22

Stigma of being Single, Men vs. Women

Answer 22

Both experience social pressures of getting married, but women receive greater scrutiny. They’re referred to as unhappy “spinsters” or “old main,” while men are seen as bachelors who haven’t found the “right girl”

Question 23

Marriage and Religion

Answer 23

Marriages can be based on religion and cultural expectations. People who place no value on religion are less likely to get married compared to those who place high value

Question 24

Divorce Act

Answer 24

Once the divorce act was enacted, the divorce rates increased, but after a while, started decreasing again. This may be because people who are getting married have an increased level of education; marital stability

Question 25

Children of Divorce

Answer 25

Children are stressed and confused, and are frightened by the threat of their family security. They may feel responsible and try to bring parents back together, sacrificing their well-being

Question 26

Immigrant Brides (in Korea)

Answer 26

State-funded assimilation centers teach immigrant brides how to cook Korean food, how to speak Korean, and how to deal with Korean mother-in-laws

Question 27

Intensive Parenting

Answer 27

The pushy middle-class style of raising kids. Parents are vesting enormous amount of time and energy into their children in early development. Parents fight for the best education for their children. In general, wealthier families have children that are well-off

Question 28

3 Family Formations Outside the Nuclear Family

Answer 28

1. ) Platonic co-parenting
2. ) Families connected through a shared sperm donor
3. ) Three-parent families

Question 29

Dating App Use. What type of couples meet more commonly online?

Answer 29

More same-sex couple meet online compared to different-sex couples. Meeting online is unrelated to relationship duration, but is associated with faster transition to marriage than meeting offline. Dating apps have led to an increase in interracial relationship

Question 30

Open Relationships

Answer 30

People have a primary romantic partner and are sexually involved with other people, either alone, or with their romantic partner

Question 31

Swinging

Answer 31

Couples play with other couples or “trade” partners

Question 32

Polyamory

Answer 32

Sexual and romantic involvement with multiple people

Extensive diversity examples: 3 or more people can be in a relationship or an individual may date a couple, or couples may date each other

Question 33

Non-monogamous Relationships Qualities

Answer 33

STI testing and condom use is higher among people in consensually non-monogamous relationships than people in monogamous relationships. Lower jealously rates and higher trust than with people in monogamous relationships. Sexual stratification and happiness with primary relationships is lower

Question 34

Total Fertility Rate

Answer 34

The number of children a woman will have, on average, based on current birth rates. 2.1 children is the “replacement rate”

Question 35

Fertility and COVID-19

Answer 35

Caused a sharp decline in births in industrialized countries worldwide, but has lead to a baby boom in many developing nations due to the disruptions in birth control

Question 36

Fertility Rates Reasons for Decreasing

Answer 36

Rates are below replacement rates in most industrialized nations because of gender inequality, the difficulty of balancing work and family life, lack of paid family leave, etc.

Women with higher levels of education have less children, however, they want more children than they actually have