Surgical Oncology Flashcards
In general, how large should your margins be?
3 cm & one deep fascial plane
What is the difference between incisional & excisional biopsy?
incisional: removing a piece of the tumor
excisional: remove the entire tumor
Two techniques for FNA?
fenestration (needle only)
aspiration (syringe)
What can FNA be used to differentiate between?
Cytology
round cell tumor
Would you brings this dog to SX to remove the tumor?
Histiocyte tumor (will go away on its own, does not need sx)
What are the tumor type on the cytology?
Left: sarcoma (mesenchymal tumor)
right upper: mast cell tumor
right bottom: carcinoma
When should you biopsy?
What are the three methods of biopsy?
punch
tru-cut
bone
How does the punch biopsy work?
How does the tru-cut biopsy?
bone biopsy instruments?
What is an alternative method? What is the complication associated?
When should you not biopsy?
diagnosis is certain
emergency (hemoabdomen/hemothorax) aka mass close to heart (hemagiosarcoma)
Maybe not biopsy if it will not change course of tx or risk is too high/complex location
Where is the best location to collect a biopsy from a ST mass vs. a bone tumor?
ST mass: middle of mass may be necrotic, edges are better
bone tumor: periphery may be necrotic/reactive
(d/t difference in blood supply)
What are the margins needed for a MCT & STS vs. injection site sarcome?
What are the general principles of SX oncology?
- excise all biopsy & fistulous tracts
- early vascular ligation
- wide margins as indicated
- avoid the use of drains
- avoid rupture of the tumor
- gentle manipulation
- avoid contamination of healthy avoid areas
- avoid the use of grafts & flaps
- pre-tx w/ diphenhydramine (MCT)
What are the survival times for SX as the sole tx?
Appendicular OSA
Splenic HSA
Oral melanomas
Oral SCC
AGASACA
What are the consequences for doing a dirty resection where you do not get clean margins?
a significant increase in morbidity to the patient,
a significant increase in cost to the client
the potential to lose the ability to cure the patient.
In general, where do carcinomas vs. sarcomas metastasize to?
carcinomas tend to metastasize to lymph nodes and sarcomas tend to metastasize to lungs
Even w/ CT/MRI, what is a good initial screening test for metastasis?
3 view of thorax
Anal sac adenocarcinoma often metastasizes to what? What test would be good if you are likely dealing with this tumor?
sublumbar l.n.
biopsy/FNA l.n.
There are four doses of surgery that can be administered to a tumor:
Where are the most aggressive tumor cells locations in a mass?
along periphery
move like muscle cells to lymph/blood vessels
