Basic Reproductive SX SA Flashcards
Which neoplasia was shown to be 2.8x greater in neutered dogs than non-neutered dogs?
prostatic (likely confounding variable d/t old age of neutered dogs)
Which conditions are eliminated or significantly decreased in terms of likelihood of a dog getting them if it is neutered?
testicular neoplasia (e.g. sertoli cell tumor, leydig cell tumors, and seminomas), orchitis and testicular torsion
reduce chances of having a secondary prostatic disease
prostatic hypertrophy
perineal herniation
Which breed of dog would you want to do a BMBT on before performing a SX?
Doberman (Von Willebrand’s DZ)
What are the complications associated with a neuter SX?
hemorrhage
urethral ligation
prostatic ligation/resection
What are the three sources of hemorrhage in a neuter SX and level of severity?
- mild-mod: poor tissue handling and disregard for hemostasis
- severe: poor or inappropriate ligation of the testicular artery and veins.
- mild-severe: coagulopathy
Which complication is associated with cryptorchid SX by which approach? What are better approached?
prostatic ligation via paramedian approach
better to perform a midline, caudal laparotomy or laparoscopic approach
What are the indications for gonadectomy?
pet overpopulation
sex-based aggression
mammary neoplasia
How does the risk of mammary gland tumors change with gonadectomy?
dogs: reduced if b/f 1/2 cycle
cat: reduced if b/f 6 mo of age
Which procedure has a high SX failure w/o castration?
perineal herniation
Why do dogs develop pyometra? What hormone is involved and what are its actions?
progesterone produced during diestrus has three main actions that set up the uterus for a pyometra:
- reduce uterine motility
- increase glandular secretions
- constrict the cervix
What is the risk for pyometra in dogs?
25% >10 yrs & increases w/ age
In dogs, are tumors of the uterus more likely benign or malignant?
approximately 90% or benign (leiomyoma) and 10% malignant (leimyosarcoma or adenocarcinoma)
What structures are moved to better visualize a bleeding pedicle if it is on the right vs. left?
right: mesoduodenum
left: mesocolon
In which ovary is ovarian remnant syndrome more commonly seen? Why?
right (more cranial)
Some studies suggest no performing a spay prior to 3 months of age. Why?
increased risk for urinary incontinence
Which cats have an increased risk for lower UT dz?
neutered males and obese cats
What are the most likely causes for ureter/urethral ligation in spay/neuter?
Why do dogs that have a gonadectomy have increased risk of urinary incontinence based on one study?
decreased collagen & muscle esp. in the proximal urethra (d/t change in hormones)
What are the signs of SSI? Most common causes?
