Basic Reproductive SX SA Flashcards
Which neoplasia was shown to be 2.8x greater in neutered dogs than non-neutered dogs?
prostatic (likely confounding variable d/t old age of neutered dogs)
Which conditions are eliminated or significantly decreased in terms of likelihood of a dog getting them if it is neutered?
testicular neoplasia (e.g. sertoli cell tumor, leydig cell tumors, and seminomas), orchitis and testicular torsion
reduce chances of having a secondary prostatic disease
prostatic hypertrophy
perineal herniation
Which breed of dog would you want to do a BMBT on before performing a SX?
Doberman (Von Willebrand’s DZ)
What are the complications associated with a neuter SX?
hemorrhage
urethral ligation
prostatic ligation/resection
What are the three sources of hemorrhage in a neuter SX and level of severity?
- mild-mod: poor tissue handling and disregard for hemostasis
- severe: poor or inappropriate ligation of the testicular artery and veins.
- mild-severe: coagulopathy
Which complication is associated with cryptorchid SX by which approach? What are better approached?
prostatic ligation via paramedian approach
better to perform a midline, caudal laparotomy or laparoscopic approach
What are the indications for gonadectomy?
pet overpopulation
sex-based aggression
mammary neoplasia
How does the risk of mammary gland tumors change with gonadectomy?
dogs: reduced if b/f 1/2 cycle
cat: reduced if b/f 6 mo of age
Which procedure has a high SX failure w/o castration?
perineal herniation
Why do dogs develop pyometra? What hormone is involved and what are its actions?
progesterone produced during diestrus has three main actions that set up the uterus for a pyometra:
- reduce uterine motility
- increase glandular secretions
- constrict the cervix
What is the risk for pyometra in dogs?
25% >10 yrs & increases w/ age
In dogs, are tumors of the uterus more likely benign or malignant?
approximately 90% or benign (leiomyoma) and 10% malignant (leimyosarcoma or adenocarcinoma)
What structures are moved to better visualize a bleeding pedicle if it is on the right vs. left?
right: mesoduodenum
left: mesocolon
In which ovary is ovarian remnant syndrome more commonly seen? Why?
right (more cranial)
Some studies suggest no performing a spay prior to 3 months of age. Why?
increased risk for urinary incontinence
What are the most likely causes for ureter/urethral ligation in spay/neuter?
Why do dogs that have a gonadectomy have increased risk of urinary incontinence based on one study?
decreased collagen & muscle esp. in the proximal urethra (d/t change in hormones)
What are the signs of SSI? Most common causes?
