Surgical Oncology Flashcards
T1a of esophageal cancer
Cancer involves the lamina propria or muscularis mucosa
Tis of esophageal cancer:
Cancer involving epithelial layer of mucosa only
T1b of esophageal cancer:
Cancer has invaded into the submucosa
T2 of esophageal cancer:
Cancer has invaded into the muscularis propria
T3 of esophageal cancer:
Cancer has invaded into adventitia
T4 esophageal cancer:
Cancer has invaded into nearby organs
- T4a: invasion into the pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm
- T4b: invasion into trachea, aorta, or spine
N stage for esophageal cancer is N1, N2, and N3. Define each
N1: 1-2 LN
N2: 3-6 LN
N3: greater than 7 LN
Cancer most sensitive to radiosensitive to radiation therapy is…? The cancer that is lease radiosensitive is…?
Seminoma
Sarcoma
Hypercalcemia of malignancy occurs via two mechanisms. What are they?
Secretion of PTHrP and resorption of calcium from the bony destruction of metastatic lesions
Which mechanism of hypercalcemia of malignancy is most common in breast cancer?
Resorption of calcium from the bony destruction of metastatic lesions
- -this is also seen in lymphoma and multiple myeloma
- -thought to be mediated by IL-1, CSF, and TNF
Proximal gastric tumors are treated with:
Total gastrectomy + LN dissection
–chemotherapy is reserved for T3 or T4 lesions that extend into the serosa or adjacent structures
Distal gastric tumors are treated with:
Subtotal gastrectomy with 5cm margins + LN dissection
Which LN dissection is performed in conjunction with resection of gastric adenocarcinoma?
D1 resection of at lease 15 LN
Treatment of adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is
Resection and lymphadenectomy
Treatment of duodenal adenocarcinoma depends on location of mass. What’s the treatment of D1? D2? D3? D4?
In D1 and D2 lesions, a pancreatectomy should be performed.
In D3 and D4 lesions, duodenal segmentectomy should be performed
