surgical microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the gram stain for staph aureus ?

A

Gram positive cocci

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2
Q

what is first line treatment for MRSA ?

A

Vancomycin

*second line is teicoplanin

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3
Q

give examples of macrolides and explain the mechanism of action

A

Clarithromycin and erythromycin
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

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4
Q

what is the gram stain for H. pylori ?

A

Gram negative rod

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5
Q

what are the diagnostic methods of confirming H. Pylori ?

A

serology
biopsy during endoscopy

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6
Q

what is the most common organism seen in septic arthritis ?

A

Staph aureus

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7
Q

staph aureus is a common cause of osteomyelitis. in sickle cell patients what is the most common pathogen ?

A

Salmonella

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8
Q

what organism causes malignant otitis externa ?

A

psueodomonas

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9
Q

spot diagnosis

parasite that causes itchy bottom especially in young children. How is this parasite treated ?

A

Enterobiasis
Mebendazole

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10
Q

spot diagnosis

hookworm found in small bowel and can cause iron deficiency anaemia

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

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11
Q

all infections caused by variations of worms are treated with what ?

A

Mebendazole

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12
Q

*spot diagnosis

Protozoan infection that produces cysts which can be found in stool.

A

Cryptosporidium
* Symptoms consist of diarrhoea and cramping abdominal pains

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13
Q

what is the treatment for cryptosporidium

A

metronidazole

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14
Q

Giardiasis and cryptosporidium present almost identically. Abdo pain and loose stool caused by ingestion of protozoan cysts. Both treated with metronidazole.

How can you tell the difference ?

A

Giardiasis more likely to cause bloating compared to cryptosporidium

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15
Q

what is the most frequent cause of cholangitis ?

A

E Coli

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16
Q

campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food poisoning in the UK. What are the common causes ?

A

undercooked meat and meat products, as well as raw or contaminated milk.

17
Q

what organism causes travellers diarrhoea ?

A

E COLI

18
Q

Which bacterial gastroenteritis classically presents like chrons or appendicitis ?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

*in question stems they may point out that the appendix is normal despite RIF pain

19
Q

Give examples of quinolone abx

A

Cirpofloxacin

20
Q

what is the mechanisms of action of penicillin ?

A

Inhibit cell wall formation

21
Q

what bacteria is commonly found in the mouth flora ?

A

Ekinella corrodens