MRCS neuroanatomy Flashcards
where do the neurons of the corticobulbar tract terminate ?
The neurones terminate on the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Here, they synapse with lower motor neurones, which carry the motor signals to the muscles of the face and neck.
First order neurons carry signals from where to where in the DCML pathway ?
From the peripheral nervous system to the medulla oblongata
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation to the lower eyelid?
Maxillary
Which developmental component of the central nervous system is the substantia nigra located within?
Midbrain
how does the hypothalamus send neurotransmitters to the pituitary gland ?
hypophyseal portal vessels.
what two hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland ?
ADH (responsible for control of blood osmolarity), and oxytocin (involved in parturition and milk secretion).
what is the function of the choroid plexus ?
production of CSF
The medial reticulospinal tract arises from what part of the brainstem ?
Pons
what structure separates the cerebrum from the cerebelli ?
tentorium cerebelli,
what lobe of the cerebrum is the primary auditory cortex located ?
Temporal lobe
True or false
The vestibulocochlear nerve has motor function
False
It is purely sensory
The vagus nerve provides motor innervation to what structures ?
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Soft palate
what symptoms occur following Injury to the anterolateral system ?
impairment of pain and temperature sensation - this sensory loss will be contralateral
the middle cerebral arteries are a continuation of what artery ?
The internal carotid artery
what nerve supplies general sensory innervation and special taste sensation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue ?
the glossopharyngeal nerve.
what are the terminal branches of V1 ?
V1 - ophthalmic nerve
Branches
1. Frontal
2. Lacrimal
3. Nasocialliary.
List the sensory branches of CN IX
PLT
Pharyngeal branch - It innervates the mucosa of the oropharynx.
Lingual branch – provides the posterior 1/3 of the tongue with general and taste sensation
Tonsillar branch – innervates the palatine tonsils.
Vertebral arteries arise from which artery ?
Subclavian
The trigeminal nerve provides innervation to muscles from which pharyngeal arch?
First
what are the two types of ascending tracts ?
conscious tracts and unconscious tracts
define fasciculus
bundle - could be of nerves or muscles
what is the function of the corpus collosum
white matter structure connecting the two hemispheres.
In a stroke that damages the UMNs for CN XII - what would be the clinical signs ?
a lesion to the upper motor neurones for CN XII will result in spastic paralysis of the contralateral genioglossus.
This will result in the deviation of the tongue to the contralateral side.
what is the first motor branch of the facial nerve ?
nerve to stapedius.