Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS A > MRCS Head and neck > Flashcards

MRCS Head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

List the cranial nerves located in the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  1. Facial nerve - VII
  2. Glossopharyngeal - IX
  3. Vagus - X
  4. Accessory - XI
  5. Hypoglossal - XII
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The anterior triangle is further sub divided into 4 triangles, name these

A
  1. Carotid
  2. Submental
  3. Submandibular
    Muscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Other than the common carotid, what structures are found in the carotid triangle ?

A
  1. Internal jugular vein
  2. Vagus nerve
  3. Hypoglossal nerve
  4. accessory nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structures make the borders of the carotid triangle ?

A

Superior – posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Lateral – medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Inferior – superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which subdivision of the anterior triangle can you find CN X and XII ?

A

Carotid triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which nerve sends signals from the carotid sinus to the brain ?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which lymph nodes drain from the floor of the mouth and parts of the tongue.

A

Submental lymph nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what important structure passes through the submandibular triangle ?

A

Facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which triangle does the facial artery and vein pass through?

A

submandibular triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the superior border of the muscular triangle?

A

Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The submental triangle lies within the anterior triangle of the neck.

Which muscle forms the floor of the submental triangle?

A

Mylohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what anatomical spaces highlighted in yellow ?

A

Muscular triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structure forms the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck ?

A

Investing layer of fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck ?

A

Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where are the internal and external jugular veins located ?

A

IJV - Anterior triangle
EJV - Posterior triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false

The internal jugular vein travels through the posterior triangle of neck.

A

False

The internal jugular vein travels through the ANTERIOR triangle of neck.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which layer of fascia forms the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck ?

A

Investing layer of fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The accessory nerve is located in the posterior triangle. Which TWO nerve plexus’ are located in the posterior triangle ?

A
  1. Cervical plexus
  2. Trunks of the brachial plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List the layer that make up the deep cervical fascia

A
  1. Investing layer
  2. pre tracheal layer
  3. Pre vertebral layer
  4. carotid sheath

These layers go from superficial to deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the anterior and posterior attachments of the investing layer of fascia in the neck

A

Anterior - Hyoid bone
Posterior - Nuchal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what two muscles are enveloped by the investing fascia

A

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what organs are located in the pre tracheal fascia ?

A

Trachea, Oesophagus, thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The pre tracheal fascia is seperated into a muscular layer and a visceral later - what structure are located in these two layers ?

A

Muscular part – encloses the infrahyoid muscles.

Visceral part – encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What structure is highlighted in red ?

A

Pre tracheal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The red line highlights the pre tracheal fascia in the neck. Name all the labelled structures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which potential space in the neck could allow for the tracking of pus into the posterior mediastinum?

A

Retropharyngeal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The retropharyngeal space extends from the base of the skull to the posterior mediastinum. Therefore infection can track from here into the mediastinum.
What structures make up the retropharyngeal space ?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia (posterior aspect of the visceral pretracheal fascia) and the prevertebral fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The prevertebral fascia forms the floor of which anatomical space?

A

Posterior triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In which fascial layer is the platysma muscle found?

A

Superficial cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pus in the retropharyngeal space can track into what other space ?

A

Posterior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor is split into two parts; what are those ?

A

the thyropharyngeus and the cricopharyngeus.

32
Q

The muscles of the pharynx are mostly innervated by the vagus nerve. Except which muscle and what nerve innervates it ?

A

stylopharyngeus - Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

33
Q

what nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors ?

A

Vagus

34
Q

The pharynx receives sensory innervation from what nerve ?

A

Glossopharyngeal

35
Q

Arterial supply to the pharynx is via ______

A

Branches of the external carotid

36
Q

Identify the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles in the picture

A
37
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the lingual tonsils ?

A

jugulodigastric and deep cervical lymph nodes.

38
Q

List the 4 tonsils

A

Palatine
Pharyngeal
Tubular
Lingual

39
Q

what lymphatic drainage do all tonsils have in common ?

A

They all drain into the deep cervical lymph nodes

40
Q

what is the arterial supply for the palatine tonsils ?

A

tonsillar branch of the facial artery.

41
Q

describe the venous drainage of the larynx

A

Venous drainage is by the superior and inferior laryngeal veins.
The superior laryngeal vein drains to the internal jugular vein via the superior thyroid, whereas the inferior laryngeal vein drains to the left brachiocephalic vein via the inferior thyroid vein.

42
Q

The larynx receives both motor and sensory innveration via what nerve ?

A

Vagus

43
Q

All the intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except which muscle ? and what nerve innervates it ?

A
  • Cricothyroid
  • external laryngeal nerve
44
Q

what are the two important soft tissue folds you get in the larynx ?

A
  1. Vestibular folds
  2. Vocal folds
45
Q

When considering the instrinsic ligaments of the larynx, the vestibular ligament is formed by the free edge of which laryngeal structure?

A

Quadrangular ligament

46
Q

All the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except the cricothyroid) are innervated by what nerve ?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve – the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,

47
Q

the external laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve ?

A

branch of superior laryngeal

48
Q

The inferior laryngeal nerve is a terminal branch of what structure ?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

49
Q

which muscle is the major ADductor of the vocal cords ?

A

Lateral cricoaretynoids

50
Q

at what level does the oesophagus start and terminate ?

A

Starts at C6
Terminates at T11

51
Q

What are the 4 physiological oesophageal constrictors ?

A

A - arch of aorta
B - Bronchus
C - Cricoid
D - Diaphragm

52
Q

The abdominal segment of the oesophagus receives arterial supply from what TWO structures ?

A
  1. Left gastric artery
  2. Left inferior phrenic artery
53
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the superior third of the oesophagus ?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

54
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the middle third of the oesophagus ?

A

superior and posterior mediastinal nodes

55
Q

oesopgoeal adenocarcinomas only occur in what part of the oeseophagus ?

A

Inferior third

56
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the luminal surface of the oesophagus?

A

The oesophagus is lined by stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium.

57
Q

The thyroid is enclosed in what fascial compartment ?

A

Pre tracheal fascia

57
Q

The gastro-oesophageal junction occurs at which vertebral level?

A

T11

58
Q

The trachea spans what vertebral levels ?

A

C5 -T1

59
Q

the superior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery ?

A

External carotid

60
Q

the inferior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery ?

A

Subclavian [more specifically the thyrocervical trunk]

61
Q

venous drainage from the thyroid is into a venous plexus. what veins form this plexus ?

A

superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

62
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into what structure ?

A

internal jugular vein

63
Q

inferior thyroid veins drain into what structure ?

A

brachiocecphalic vein

64
Q

Is it the LEFT or RIGHT common carotid that arises directly from the aortic arch ?

A

Left

65
Q

At what spinal level does the common carotid bifurcate ?

A

C4

66
Q

The superficial temporal artery is a branch of what major aftery ?

A

External carotid

67
Q

what two important structures pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles ?

A

Brachial plexus
subclavian artery

68
Q

what is the anatomical relationship between the scalene muscles and the phrenic nerve + subclavian vein ?

A

The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene

69
Q

what antibodies are used to diagnose hashimotos thyroiditis

A

thyroglobulin, TPO and TSH-R.

70
Q

What is the most common parotid gland tumour ?

A

Pleomorphic adenomas are the commonest tumours of the parotid gland and are often slow growing, smooth and mobile

71
Q

True or false

A benign parotid gland tumor will usually invade nearby structures like the facial nerve ?

A

False

72
Q

What is the most common bilateral benign neoplasm of the parotid

A

Warthins tumour

73
Q

what is the definitive management for benign parotid lesions ?

A

Superficial parotidectomy

74
Q

when is a radical parotidectomy performed rather than a superficial parotidectomy ?

A

when the lesion is though to be malignant

75
Q

what is the most common benign parotid lesion ?

A

pleomorphic adenoma

76
Q

What nerves supply GENERAL sensation and SPECIAL sensation [taste] to the tongue ?

A

In the anterior 2/3, general sensation is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CNV). Specifically the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3).

special sensation in the anterior 2/3 is supplied from the facial nerve (CNVII). In the petrous part of the temporal bone, the facial nerve gives off three branches, one of which is chorda tympani. This travels through the middle ear, and continues on to the tongue.

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is slightly easier. Both touch and taste are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX).

MRCS A (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions