MRCS Head and neck Flashcards
The anterior triangle is further sub divided into 4 triangles, name these
- Carotid
- Submental
- Submandibular
Muscular
which lymph nodes drain from the floor of the mouth and parts of the tongue.
Submental lymph nodes.
oesopgoeal adenocarcinomas only occur in what part of the oeseophagus ?
Inferior third
when examining the nasal cavity, what is the first structure to be seen ?
inferior conchae
This is the most inferior and anterior
what structures pass through the superior orbital fissure ?
Recurrent meningeal artery*
Lacrimal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
Superior ophthalmic vein
Superior division of the oculomotor nerve
at what level does the oesophagus start and terminate ?
Starts at C6
Terminates at T11
which layer of fascia forms the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck ?
Investing layer of fascia
what muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck ?
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Anterior, middle and posterior scalenes
the superior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery ?
External carotid
What is the superior border of the muscular triangle?
Hyoid bone
The muscles of the pharynx are mostly innervated by the vagus nerve. Except which muscle and what nerve innervates it ?
stylopharyngeus - Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
what are the anterior and posterior attachments of the investing layer of fascia in the neck
Anterior - Hyoid bone
Posterior - Nuchal ligament
what is the semilunar hiatus ?
a crescent-shaped groove on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. **The frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses open into this space **
when do you test for calcitonin levels ?
Usually found in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
what lymph nodes drain the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Submandibular
*remember the tip of the tongue is submittal but the bulk of the anterior tongue is submandibular
The prevertebral fascia forms the floor of which anatomical space?
Posterior triangle
what is ludwigs angina ?
life-threatening diffuse cellulitis of the soft tissue of the floor of the mouth and neck
Ludwig angina involves 3 compartments of the floor of the mouth: **sublingual, submental, and submandibular. **
what is the lymphatic drainage of the lingual tonsils ?
jugulodigastric and deep cervical lymph nodes.
special sensory innervation to the nasal canal is via the opthalmic nerve. what nerve provides general sensation ?
nasopalatine nerve (branch of maxillary nerve) and the nasociliary nerve (branch of the ophthalmic nerve)
All the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except the cricothyroid) are innervated by what nerve ?
inferior laryngeal nerve – the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve,
what nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors ?
Vagus
What is the most common bilateral benign neoplasm of the parotid
Warthins tumour
what are the two important soft tissue folds you get in the larynx ?
- Vestibular folds
- Vocal folds
which lymph nodes do vocal cord tumours metastasise to ?
The vocal cords have no lymphatic drainage and therefore this region serves as a lymphatic watershed