Surgical Management

Question 1

What are some indications for urinary tract surgery?

Answer 1

Urolithiasis 
Obstruction 
Trauma 
Neoplasia 
Urinary incontinence

Question 2

When is surgery indicated for urolithiasis?

Answer 2

Obstruction 
Unknown urolith composition 
Failure of medical treatment 
Presence of other abnormalities 
Immature dogs
Owner preference

Question 3

What suture material should you use to close the bladder?

What pattern?

Answer 3

3/0 or 2 metric ish
MONOCRYL

Continuous appositional pattern, avoid sutures in lumen

Question 4

What are the risks of cystotomy for uroliths?

Answer 4

Not removing all calculi
Dihis -> uroperitoneum
Blood clot -> obstruction
Cystitis

Question 5

When is a urethrotomy indicated?

Answer 5

When calculi cant be hydropropulsed into the bladder - RARE

Question 6

When is minimally invasive treatment of intramural ectopic ureters indicated?

Answer 6

INTRAMURAL

Question 7

Why is a scrotal urethrostomy the preferred location in a dog?

Answer 7

Urethra is wider and more superficial here

Less cavernous tissue so less haemorrhage

Question 8

What is the minimum period a cystostomy tube should be placed for?

Answer 8

Min around a week

Max - years

Question 9

When is a cystostomy tube indicated?

Answer 9

Bladder decompression if catheter can’t be placed
Protection of the urethra following sx
Palliative tx for severe urethral dz e.g. neoplasia