Intro Flashcards
What are common presentation indicating urinary problems?
PU/PD Dysuria Oliguria/anuria Abnormal colour Incontinence Inappropriate urination
Define oliguria
Less than normal urine output
What localisation is indicated by the presence of PU/PD?
Upper urinary tract
What are insensible losses?
Loss in faeces or via respiration
Define pollakiuria
Frequent passage of (small amounts of) urine.
Total daily volume same.
Define periuria
Urination at wrong time/place
Define nocturia
Urination at night
What type of urination is consistent with an irritative voiding pattern?
Give some DDx
Pollakiuria
UTI, Urolithiasis, cystitis
What abnormal clinical pathology findings may be present in a patient with urinary disease?
Azotaemia Hyperkalaemia Hyperphosphataemia Proteinuria Others
What other clinical signs may be associated with urinary tract disease?
Oedema Ascites Collapse Halitosis Depression Vomiting O report suspected constipation (O is wrong) - straining to urinate not defecate Post trauma e.g. RTA
Outline a logical approach to urinary presentations
- Hx, CS, PE
- Is it urinary tract dz
- Is it upper/lower urinary tract
- Are there other body systems involved
What is the difference between primary polyuria and primary polydipsia?
Primary Polyuria - kidneys can’t concentrate therefore drinking more
Primary polydipsia - drinking more therefore urinating more
What should be asked about the problem in the hx ?
Duration
Severity
Clinical course
Response to tx
What clinical signs are associated with upper urinary tract disease?
PU/PD Dehydration Abnormal renal palpation Halitosis Oral ulceration
What clinical signs are associated with lower urinary tract disease?
Dysuria Pollakiuria Incontinence Abnormal palpation of bladder/urethra Abnormalities of external genitalia
