Surgical Instruments Flashcards
cutting
sharp incision
tearing
blunt dissection
penetrating
puncturing through tissue
use in tough tissues
do NOT use in soft tissues
crushing
compression trauma
use in soft tissues
do NOT use in tough tissues
types of retractors
- army navy
- miller senn
- gelpi
- balfour
army navy retractor
handheld retractor with double ended right angles
used for active retraction of shallow surgical sites
miller senn retractor
small handheld retractor
double ended with one L shaped end and one that ends in curved prongs
gelpi retractor
self retaining retractor with two hooked blades
used for retraction in a solo surgery
balfour retractor
self retaining retractor on a frame with two smooth arms
used for abdominal cavity retraction only
adson thumb forceps
“rat tooth” forceps
two interdigitating teeth in a 2-1 configuration
used for grasping tough, fibrous tissue
can be penetrative but not crushing
adson brown forceps
multiple fine, intermeshing teeth
all purpose forceps - allows control of tissue trauma by altering grasp pressure
debakey forceps
no teeth, non-penetrative, longitudinal ridges with fine, transverse ribs
grips without causing tissue trauma
good for soft, delicate, and compressible tissues
allis tissue forceps
grasps tissues that will be resected - NOT for use in tissues that will remain in patient because causes a lot of tissue trauma
non penetrative
Babcock tissue forceps
used to grasp slippery hollow organs when needed
less crushing than allis forceps
doyen intestinal forceps
occluding forceps with minimally traumatic longitudinal ridges
low crushing risk
used to occlude luminal viscera to prevent leakage of ingesta
right angle dissection forceps
delicate forceps with transverse ridges used for delicate grasping
used for very fine blunt dissection around delicate structures - NOT for general dissection
mosquito hemostat forceps
transverse ridges
small and fine with short jaws
ratcheted
used for tip clamping of small bleeding vessels
kelly/crile forceps
similar to mosquitoes
kelly: ridges stop halfway and the back half is smooth
crile: ridges run the full length of the jaw; larger than mosquitoes
carmalt forceps
longitudinal ridges
large
used for jaw clamping of large vascular pedicles of mixed fat and vessels to facilitate mass ligation
scalpel handle and blade sizes
handle: no 3
blades: no 10 or 15
- 10: longer blade curve
- 15: shorter blade curve
optimal cutting surface: maximal curvature of the blade
metzenbaum scissors
delicate blades
long and thin
can be curved or straight
used for fine dissection of soft tissues
- NOT on tough fibrous tissue
mayo scissors
thick blades
used for cutting heavy, tendinous, or fibrous tissues
utility scissors
sharp - blunt blades
used for cutting non-tissue substances
towel clamps
perforating instrument
used to fasten surgical drapes to patient’s skin
no crushing injury
mayo hegar needle drivers
serrated grasping surface
no utility scissor at hinge
Olsen hegar needle drivers
serrated grasping surface
utility scissor at hinge
scalpel fingertip grip
handle held pinched between thumb and middle finger, index finger on top of the spine of the blade to apply pressure
flattens the angle with broad direction control
good for long, linear cuts
pencil grip
handle held between the thumb and index finger
steepens the angle with fine direction control
good for shorter, more precise cuts with direction change
forceps pencil grip
thumb and index finger control the forceps with instrument on top of hand
most secure hold
tripod grip on ringed instruments
thumb and ring finger placed in the rings; index finger stabilizes the shank of the instrument
most stable
palm grip for ringed instruments
instrument held in the palm of the hand without placing any fingers through the rings
good for suturing long, straight incisions
tip clamping
minimizes the amount of surrounding tissue included in the clamp to reduce trauma
used with forceps that have transverse ridges
jaw clamping
places selected tissues closer to the hinge of the instrument resulting in greater force transmission leading to more crushing/tissue trauma
used with forceps that have longitudinal ridges
