Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Surgery > Surgical Facilities & Basic Monitoring Equipment > Flashcards

Surgical Facilities & Basic Monitoring Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major differences between small animal and large animal hospitals?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

The small animal surgical suit
New, modern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

The large animal surgical suite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different areas of the surgical facility

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between the clean area vs. mixed area vs. contaminated “dirty” area?

A

Minimize risk of infection
Nosacomial infection = infection acquired in the hospital
Arrows indicating flow
Clean area = restricted to clean traffic = sterile supply, operating room, scrub sink; brand new pair of clean surgical scrubs on
Contaminated/dirty area = contaminated traffic –> anesthesia prep, lounges, offices
Mixed area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the changing area?

A

Used by personnel to change into scrubs

Cabinets or lockers for storage

Hamper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the anesthesia and surgery prep area located?

A

Located adjacent to the surgical suite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the anesthesia equipment

A

Machines and monitoring equipment
Drugs
Catheter supplies
“Block” supplies
Laryngoscopes
ET tubes
Clippers
Crash Cart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the anesthesia and surgery prep material used

A

Vacuum
Clippers
Skin prep material
Sharps container

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Supply rooms

A

every hospital will look different
sterile instruments
equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Sterilize + reuse, but usually throw them away
Let them dry
do not want them to be wet for the next patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the scrub sink area located?

A

Near the OR suites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is important to remember for the scrub sink area?

A

Properly “stocked”
- Antiseptic soap [in correct dispenser]
- Scrub brushes [reusable vs. disposable]
- Botties, masks, scrub caps, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stainless steel sink

A

NEVER CLEAN surgical instruments in these sinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gloving and gowning area

A

inside or outside OR
still no consensus as to which location results in the least amount of cross contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The operating room

A

Single Door
Keep door closed once the team is in the room

Scrub Sinks Outside the OR

Positive Pressure Air Flow = pressure higher in room than surrounding area so air can leave the room and not come back in (TPLO, total hip; to be as clean as possible b/c highest risk for post op implications)

Emergency Lighting

Minimize Horizontal Surface

Clean! Clean! Clean!

Surgical suite includes more than one operating room + recovery area, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is in the OR?

A

Anesthesia machine
Anesthesia crash cart
+/- sterile table
Mayo stand
Operating table
Heat source
+/- trough
Surgical lights
Medical receptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Post-op recovery

A

Adjacent to the surgical area

Individual kennels [small animal] vs. Recovery stalls [large animal]

If the patient is critical  patient is taken to the ICU

Careful monitoring

Warmer than OR

Emergency equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Patient positioning

A

Vital for effective surgical procedure

Positioning dependent on the procedure
Dorsal recumbency
Sternal recumbency
Lateral recumbency

Prep area

Heat source

+/- trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Warming the patient

A

Minimizes heat loss during surgery

Passive Warming vs. Active Warming
Passive Warming
- Blanket or towels [act as an insulator]
Active Warming
- Heat source applied directly on the patient
Active Core Warming
- Heat applied centrally = giving warm IV fluids

Rewarm quickly, but carefully

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anesthesia suppresses many of the body’s normal automatic functions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anesthesia does affect heart rate, respiratory, blood pressure, and other body functions

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Monitoring equipment can provide valuable information, as well as act as an extension of the anesthetist’s own senses

A
24
Q

Monitoring equipment

A

Monitor vital signs
Temperature
Rectal thermometer vs. Esophageal temperature probe

Heart Rate/Rhythm
ECG vs. Stethoscope vs.
Esophageal tube

Respiratory Rate
Capnography

Blood Pressure
Doppler vs. Oscillometeric
Monitoring Device

Oxygen Saturation
Pulse Oximeter

25
Q

Anesthesia machine

A

Delivers oxygen

Delivers anesthetic gas

Assists with ventilation

Removes exhaled carbon dioxide

26
Q

Temperature monitoring

A

Monitoring prevents hypothermia and hyperthermia

Monitored every 5 – 10 minutes until:
Patient is in sternal recumbency
Body temperature between 99F to 102F

Rectal Thermometer vs. Esophageal Temperature Probe

Over heating

27
Q

ECG

A

Continuously monitors electrical activity of the heart
Information about heartrate and rhythm

Electrical signal is picked up by electrodes, amplified and displayed on a screen

28
Q

Esophageal stethoscope

A

Thin flexible tube attached to regular stethoscope

Allows lungs and heart auscultation of draped patient

Intubated patient

29
Q

Arterial blood pressure consists of 3 values

A

Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

30
Q

Direct vs. Indirect Measurement BP
Direct measurement
Arterial catheter

A

Arterial catheter connected to a monitor
Blood pressure
Heartrate and rhythm

Gold standard for blood pressure measurement

31
Q

Indirect BP measurement
Doppler ultrasound
Oscillometeric device

A

Ultrasonic Doppler Method

Occlude arterial blood flow by inflating a cuff

Deflate the cuff until the blood flow goes back to normal

When pressure in the cuff is just below systolic blood pressure, the blood flow can pass the cuff and is detected by the doppler probe

Probe use ultrasonic waves to detect pulsatile blood flow or vessel wall motion and converts this to an audible signal = HEART RATE

40% is what we are aiming for

32
Q

Oscillometeric Blood Pressure Monitoring Device measures

A

Systolic arterial pressure
Diastolic arterial pressure
Mean arterial pressure [MAP] -> most accurate on these machines
Pulse rate

33
Q

Indirect blood pressure
Oscillometeric Blood Pressure Monitoring Device measures

A

Non-invasive detection of arterial blood flow
Commonly used

Less accurate than Doppler or invasive blood pressure monitoring

Various components lead to inaccuracies

34
Q

Respiration

A

Movement of thorax

Movement of rebreathing bag

Auscultation [esophageal vs. stethoscope]

Condensation of ET tube

Monitors
Capnograph

35
Q

Capnograph

A

Measure exhaled carbon dioxide in patient’s breath over time

Can diagnose respiratory airway obstruction or leak in the ET tube cuff

ETCO2

Measure respiratory rate

36
Q

Pulse Ox

A

Non-invasive method of measuring the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2) in arterial blood
Provides pulse rate of patient

Attached to the patient’s tongue, lip, ear (if not pigmented), paws, toes, and thin skin folds on extremities

Can be easily affected

37
Q

NEVER TRUST THE VITAL SIGN MONTIOR’S VALUE ALONE

A

Always double check these values using traditional monitoring techniques

Example:
Check the monitor’s heart rate values versus what you actually hear using your stethoscope

38
Q

Intraoperative fluid therapy helps restore and maintain tissue fluid, as well as electrolyte homeostasis and central euvolemia

A
39
Q

10 – 15 mL/kg/hour of crystalloid fluids
Lower rate (5 mL/kg/hour) may be used for healthy patients undergoing less invasive elective procedures

A
40
Q

Fluid losses
Large abdominal and thoracic incisions have much larger evaporative losses

A
41
Q

Prewarming fluids

A
42
Q

Skin preparation

A

Should take place in the preparation room
Anesthesia/surgical prep area

Surgery site is clipped with adequate margins for the procedure to be performed
Usually performed under anesthesia

Initial scrub

Patient moved to the OR and then
3 additional scrubs performed

43
Q

What is the goal of skin preparation?

A

Reduce resident skin flora to prevent infection

Achieve residual antiseptic activity
It is NOT possible to completely sterilize the skin

44
Q

The surgery team

A

Surgeon

Assistant Surgeon [if needed]

Anesthetist

LVT

45
Q

The surgeon

A

Pre-Operative Responsibilities

Operative Responsibilities

Post-Operative Responsibilities

46
Q

The assistant surgeon

A

Pre-Operative Responsibilities

Operative Responsibilities

Post-Operative Responsibilities

47
Q

Anesthetist/anesthesiologist

A

Pre-Operative Responsibilities

Operative Responsibilities

Post-Operative Responsibilities

48
Q

Licensed veterinary tech

A

Pre-Operative Responsibilities

Operative Responsibilities

Post-Operative Responsibilities

49
Q

Prepping for surgery

A

Know the case
Review pathophysiology and basic of procedure
Review possible complications of procedure

Surgeon preparation

Patient preparation

TEAMWORK MAKES THE DREAM WORK!

50
Q

Common surgical procedures

A

Ovariohysterectomy [aka Spay]

Neuter

Mass Removals

Laceration Repairs

Cystotomy

Gastrotomy

51
Q

TOMY =

A

the surgeon cut something

52
Q

ECTOMY =

A

the surgeon cut something out

53
Q

OSTOMY =

A

The surgeon made an opening

54
Q

PLASTY =

A

the surgeon changed the shape of something

55
Q

PEXY =

A

the surgeon moved the organ to the right place

56
Q

RRAPHY =

A

the surgeon sewed something up

57
Q

DESIS =

A

the surgeon made two things stick together

Principles of Surgery (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions