Surgery MSK Flashcards
Inheritance pattern of Beckers muscular dystrophy
X-linked
What is Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy vs Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Beckers = Insufficient dystrophin due to gene mutation Duchenne = no dystrophin
Axial traction on elbow causes?
Nursemaids elbow
how to tx nursemaids elbow
hyperpronation or….supination plus flexion
Tennis Elbow
Lateral Epicondylitis with repetitive contraction of extensor muscles
Golfer Elbow
Medial Epicondylitis - tenderness over medial epicondyle with wrist flexion
Panner disease
Osteochondrosis of capitellum
unclers from venous insufficiency occur where
medial malleolus
medial malleolus ulcers caused by what
venous insufficiency (venous valve incompetence)
What causes diabetic foot ulcers
- peripheral neuropathy2. microvascular insufficiency3. immunosuppression
Pain between 3rd and 4th toes
Morton Neuroma
Hypermetabolic phase (post burn phase )
increases in catecholamines and cortisolbecause muscle degradation is used for metabolismassociated with elevated Cardiac Output
Planta fasciitis
burning pain on plantar side of foot. Pain decreases with activity. Common with runners
MC rotator cuff injured muscle
supraspinatus
Rotator Cuff Muscles
SITS:SupraspinatusInfraspinatusTeres MinorSubscapularis
Fall on outstretched hand may tear whatWhat aboutFall on outstretched hand in old ladyWhat aboutFall on outstretched hand in young kid
rotator cuffold lady = Colle’s fracture (distal radius displaced)young kid = scaphoid fracture
winged scapula
Long thoracic nerve cut to serratus anterior muscle
what is drop arm test
may detect rotator cuff tear
Popeye sign
weakness with supination with intact forearm flexion denoteslong head of biceps rupture
Klumpkes Palsy
from sudden upward pulling on the armusually ulnar nerveweakness and atrophy of hypothenar and interosseous muscles”claw hand deformity”
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
compression of tibial nerver. usually from fracture of ankle bones. May radiate up to calf
Tenosynovitis
inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath. from overuse or puncture wound/bite. Pain with flexion/extension
sprain treatment
RICERest, ice, compression, elevation
non-displaced scaphoid fracture
immobilization 6 weeks
fracture of what metatarsal requires a cast
5th metatarsal (Jones fracture)
what nerve supplies anterior thigh
femoral nerve
what nerve supplies posterior thigh
tibial nerve
what nerve supplies plantar flexion of foot
TipPedTibial inverts and plantar flexesPeroneal everts and dorsiflexes
what nerve innervates medial upper thigh
obturator nerve
Thigh innervation
midshaft humerus what nerve
radial nerve damage (poorextension of hand) orulnar nerve damage (resulting claw hand)
McMurray Test positive in
torn meniscusMcMurray = M M = Medial Meniscus
ACL vs. Meniscus
ACL = immediate swelling and inability to bear weightMeniscus = swelling the next day but can bear weight
Anserine bursitis
tenderness over medial knee
ACL tear positive tests
LachmanAnterior DroorPivot shift
Valgus stress test positive in
MCL tear
Varus Stress test positive in
LCL tear
Trendelenberg sign muscles
gluteus muscle
gluteus medius and minimus innervated by
superior gluteal nerver
tensor fascia lata does what
hib abduction and maintenance of knee extension
quadratus lumborum does what
rib cage fixation and lateral flexion of trunk
quadriceps femoris (4 muscles) does whatwhich one acts as hip flexor
leg extension(rectus femoris = hip flexor)
Anterior Dislocation holds arm in what way
abducted and externally rotated
Dislocation from a seizure
posterior dislocation
Posterior dislocation description
adducted with internal rotation and humeral head light bulb sign
Avascular Necrosis on x-ray
alternating regions of lucency and density reflect replacement of necrotic bone with new bone.
Avascular Necrosis of the femoral captial epiphysis
Legg-Calve-Perthes dz
thigh atrophy and antalgic gait with decreased hip range of motion
Legg-calve-perthes disease
Worry about entrapment of what
Supracondylar Fracture of HumerusEntrapment of Brachial Artery or Median Nerve
What dis?
Volkman Contracture fromobstruction on thebrachial arterynear the elbow, possibly from improper use of atourniquet, improper use of aplaster cast, orcompartment syndrome.ischaemia/necrosisof the muscle fibres of the flexor group ofmuscles of the forearm, especiallyM. flexor digitorum profundusandM. flexor pollicis longuswhich becomes fibrotic and short.
Cubitus Varus SE of what?
supracondylar fracture
