Surgery H&N Flashcards
risk factors for h&n cancer
- tobacco use !! largest risk for h&n ca
- alcohol consumption
- infection with hpv (good prognosis, most common affected is tonsil)
early s/sx for h&n ca
read
impact of h&n ca
airway, mastication, deglutition, appearance, voice production, speech, hearing, smell, taste, vision
goals of surgery
- completely extirpate the tumor
- maintenance of function and form
t/f if complete removal of the tumor is impossible, consider foregoing surgery
true, it will no longer be therapeutic
factors in maintaining function and form
- large tumors
- treatment modalities (radio and chemo therapy can affect function)
vital procedures to have successful surgery
- tracheostomy: to secure the airways, usually in big surgeries
- gastrotomy: to ensure access for feeding, usually in lengthy operations (treatments that are 3-6 mos)
most common type of tongue cancer
squaca
tx for tongue ca
tx in early stage: surgery with frozen section
- if the tumor is >4 cm, also remove lns
tx in late; removal of whole tongue, all neck lns, and anterolateral thigh flap reconstructed into tongue + radiotherapy
s/sx of nasopharyngeal ca
- tinnitus in one ear
- hearing loss in one ear
- nose bleeding (early)
- lump in neck (early)
- nose obstruction (late)
treatment of nasopharyngeal ca
- radiation in early
- surgery
tx of oropharyngeal ca
radio and surgery
treatment of early laryngeal ca
- nonsurgical (radiation)
- important to preserve the voice
treatment of late laryngeal ca
- laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy
tell tale sign of parotic ca
skin involvement
