Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Surgery EOR > Surgery GI/Nutrition > Flashcards

Surgery GI/Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of cholecystitis

A

Gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

S/S of cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain
Radiate to shoulder
Precipitated by fatty meals
Murphy sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis

A

US showing wall thickening, stones may be visualized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of cholecystitis

A

Lap chole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etiology of acute pancreatitis

A

Gallstones
Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S/S of acute pancreatitis

A

Epigastric pain that radiates to back
N/V
Improves when leaning forward
Grey Turner sign
Cullens sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

A

Elevated amylase and lipase
CT
Ranson’s criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of acute pancreatitis

A

NPO
Fluids
Pain meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Etiology of chronic pancreatitis

A

Alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S/S of chronic pancreatitis

A

LUQ pain that radiates to back
Malabsorption
Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis

A

Normal amylase and lipase
CT showing calcifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

A

Avoid alcohol
Pain management
Digestive enzymes
Puestow procedure
Whipple procedure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Puestow procedure

A

Side-to-side anastomosis of the pancreas and jejunum (pancreatic duct is filleted open)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Whipple procedure

A

A procedure in which the head of the pancreas and duodenum are removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Etiology of anal fissures

A

Constipation and straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S of anal fissures

A

Posterior midline
Pain with defecation
Bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Treatment of anal fissures

A

Proper toileting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

S/S of perianal abscess

A

Throbbing
Pain
Erythema
Swelling
Fluctuant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of perianal abscess

A

I&D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S/S of perianal fistula

A

Discharge
Itching
Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of perianal fistula

A

Fistulotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Etiology of appendicitis

A

Fecalith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/S of appendicitis

A

Periumbilical pain that migrates to teh RLQ
McBurney’s point tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis of appendicitis

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment of appendicitis

A

Lap appendectomy
Unasyn or cefoxitin pre-op

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bariatric surgical candidates

A

BMI > 40
BMI > 35 with obesity-related complications
Age 18-65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

A

Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Characteristics of roux-en-Y bypass

A

Restrictive and malabsorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sleeve gastrectomy

A

Removal of the greater curvature of the stomach leading to a tubular-shaped stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Characteristics of sleeve gastrectomy

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

A

Placement of a restrictive band on the upper portion of the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Characteristics of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding

A

Restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Etiology of volvulus

A

Torsion of a segment of the bowel (MC sigmoid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

S/S of sigmoid volvulus

A

Slowly progressive abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distention, and constipation
Vomiting several days after onset of pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus

A

CT
Whirl pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Management of sigmoid volvulus

A

Detorsion with rigid sigmoidoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

S/S of cecal volvulus

A

Abdominal pain
N/V
Diffusely distended
Tender to palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Diagnosis of cecal volvulus

A

X-ray: coffee bean and comma sign
CT: whirlwind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Treatment of cecal volvulus

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Etiology of small bowel obstruction

A

Post-surgical adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

S/S of small bowel obstruction

A

N/V
Colicky abdominal pain
Dehydration
Hyperactive bowel sounds early on, then hypoactive bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Diagnosis of SBO

A

Ladder-like appearance of dilated bowel loops on X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Treatment of SBO

A

GI decompression with NG tube
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Etiology of cholangitis

A

CBD obstruction of e. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

S/S of cholangitis

A

RUQ pain
Fever
Jaundice
Hypotension
Mental status change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Diagnosis of cholangitis

A

ERCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Treatment of cholangitis

A

ERCP with stone extraction and sphincterotomy
Lap chole after ERCP
Cipro and Flagyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Etiology of cholelithiasis

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

S/S of cholelithiasis

A

RUQ pain (biliary colic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Diagnosis of cholelithiasis

A

Ultrasound

51
Q

Treatment of cholelithiasis

A

NSAIDs for pain
Lap chole

52
Q

Etiology of choledocholithiasis

A

Stone in the CBD

53
Q

S/S of choledocholithiasis

A

Biliary colic
Jaundice

54
Q

Diagnosis of choledocholithiasis

A

Elevated liver enzymes
US

55
Q

Treatment of choledocholithiasis

A

ERCP with stone extraction and sphincterotomy

56
Q

Colon polyp

A

Fleshy lesion protruding into intestinal lumen

57
Q

What type of colon polyp are most likely to be cancerous?

A

Flat

58
Q

Diagnosis/treatment of colon polyp

A

Colonoscopy with removal

59
Q

Risk factors for colon cancer

A

Family hx
Age
Diet
Smoking
Obesity

60
Q

S/S of colon cancer

A

Asymptomatic
Bowel changes

61
Q

Diagnosis of colon cancer

A

Colonoscopy with biopsy

62
Q

Treatment of colon cancer

A

Surgical resection
Chemo/radiation

63
Q

Screening for colon cancer

A

Colonoscopy q10y
CT colonography q5y
Flexible sigmoidoscopy q5y
Flexible sigmoidoscopy with FIT q10 years plus FIT q1y
FIT-DNA q1-3y
FOBT q1y
FIT q1y
from ROSH

64
Q

Etiology of diverticular disease

A

Chronic constipation

65
Q

S/S of uncomplicated diverticulosis

A

Asymptomatic

66
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated diverticulosis

A

High fiber diet

67
Q

S/S of diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain
Fever
Bowel changes
Blood in stool
Palpable mass

68
Q

Diagnosis of diverticulitis

A

CT

69
Q

Treatment of diverticulitis

A

Clear liquid diet x 2-3d
Cipro + Flagyl, Bactrim + Flagyl, Augmentin, Zosyn
High fiber diet
Colonoscopy 4-8 weeks after resolution of symptoms

70
Q

Risk factors for esophageal cancer

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Barrett esophagus

71
Q

S/S of esophageal cancer

A

Weight loss
Dysphagia

72
Q

Diagnosis of esophageal cancer

A

Endoscopy with biopsy

73
Q

Treatment of esophageal cancer

A

Surgery, chemo, radiation

74
Q

MC gastric cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

75
Q

S/S of gastric cancer

A

Dyspepsia
Vague epigastric pain
Weight loss
Anorexia
Masses

76
Q

Signs of metastasis of gastric cancer

A

Virchow’s node: left supraclavicular lymph node
Sister mary joseph nodule: umbilical nodule
Blumer shelf: rigid rectal shelf

77
Q

Diagnosis of gastric cancer

A

EGD

78
Q

Treatment of gastric cancer

A

Surgical resection, chemo, radiation

79
Q

GERD treatment

A

Lifestyle modifications
Mild: H2 blockers
Severe or failed H2: PPI

80
Q

Etiology of hemorrhoids

A

Increased venous pressure

81
Q

S/S of hemorrhoids

A

Asymptomatic
Bleeding

82
Q

Staging of hemorrhoids

A

I: confined to anal canal
II: protrude from anal canal, but redicable
III: require manual reduction after bowel movement
IV: chronically protruding and risk strangulation

83
Q

Treatment of hemorrhoids

A

Stage 1-2: proper toileting
More severe or failure of conservative treatment: band ligation or injection sclerotherapy
Stage 4: hemorrhoidectomy

84
Q

Etiology of liver cancer

A

Cirrhosis

85
Q

S/S of liver cancer

A

Constitutional symptoms
Tender hepatomegaly

86
Q

Diagnosis of liver cancer

A

Elevated liver enzymes
AFP
CT and MRI to identify mass
Biopsy to confirm

87
Q

Patients that should be screened for liver cancer

A

Patients with cirrhosis or chronic HBV or HCV
Liver US and AFP q6m

88
Q

Treatment of liver cancer

A

Resection of tumor
Liver transplant

89
Q

Risk factors for umbilical hernia

A

Anything that increases the intra-abdominal pressure:
- Pregnancy
- Ascites
- Obesity
- Large abdominal tumor

90
Q

S/S of umbilical hernia

A

Soft swelling covered by skin herniated area protrudes with coughing, crying, or straining

91
Q

Treatment of umbilical hernia

A

Small: mesh repair laparoscopically
Large: open repair

92
Q

Incisional hernia

A

Result of breakdown own fascial closure

93
Q

Hernia patients that are not surgical candidates

A

Not urgent
Unwilling
Poor surgical risk

94
Q

Indirect vs. direct vs. femoral inguinal hernia

A

Indirect: patient inguinal canal, above inguinal ligament, internal inguinal ring
Direct: external inguinal ring only, rarely into the scrotum
Femoral: below the inguinal ligament, inguinal canal is empty

95
Q

S/S of hiatal hernia

A

Asymptomatic
GERD

96
Q

Treatment of hiatal hernia

A

Lifestyle modifications
NISSEN fundoplication
Magnetic sphincter

97
Q

MC location of Crohn’s

A

Terminal ileum

98
Q

S/S of Crohn’s

A

RLQ pain
Nonbloody diarrhea
Malabsorption
Erythema nodosum
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Fistula formation

99
Q

Diagnosis of Crohn’s

A

Colonoscopy with biopsy
Skip lesions
Cobblestoning

100
Q

Treatment of Crohn’s

A

Steroids
Immunomodulators
TNF blockers

101
Q

MC area of ulcerative colitis

A

Rectum and sigmoid colon

102
Q

S/S of UC

A

Bloody diarrhea
Crampy lower abdominal pain

103
Q

Diagnosis of UC

A

Sigmoidoscopy

104
Q

Management of UC

A

Mild: topical mesalamine
Severe: oral mesalamine, steroids, or immunomodulators
Curative: proctocolectomy with placement of ileostomy

105
Q

Mild vs. severe UC

A

Mild: mostly distal
Severe: extends past the sigmoid

106
Q

MC type of pancreatic cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head

107
Q

Greatest risk factor of pancreatic cancer

A

Smoking

108
Q

S/S of pancreatic cancer

A

Vague epigastric pain with radiation to the back
Constitutional sx
Courvoisier sign

109
Q

Courvoisier sign

A

Painless jaundice with palpable gallbladder

110
Q

Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

A

CT
ERCP if CT is inconclusive

111
Q

Treatment of pancreatic cancer

A

Whipple
Resection of tumor

112
Q

Pancreatic pseudocyst

A

Encapsulated collection of fluid with well-defined inflammatory wall
Occurs as a complication of acute pancreatitis

113
Q

Treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst

A

If asx - nothing
If sx - drain

114
Q

Etiology of PUD

A

H. pylori and NSAIDs

115
Q

S/S of PUD

A

Dull, gnawing epigastric pain
Relief by eating
Nocturnal pain

116
Q

Diagnosis of PUD

A

EGD

117
Q

Treatment of H. pylori PUD

A

Omeprazole
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
EGD or breath test 4 weeks later

118
Q

S/S of pyloric stenosis

A

Postprandial N/V
Epigastric pain
Distention
Olive-shaped mass

119
Q

Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis

A

EGD for adults
US for kids

120
Q

Management of pyloric stenosis

A

Conservative treatment first
Pyloromyotomy

121
Q

Etiology of toxic megacolon

A

IBD (UC)
Infectious colitis

122
Q

S/S of toxic megacolon

A

Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal pain and distention
Toxic

123
Q

Diagnosis of toxic megacolon

A

CT

124
Q

Treatment of toxic megacolon

A

IV steroids
Colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis

Surgery EOR (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions