Pulm and WH Surgery Flashcards
Etiologies of hemoptysis
Infection
PE
Cancer
TB
Transudative pleural effusion etiologies
Heart failure
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Exudative pleural effusion etiologies
Infection
Cancer
S/S of pleural effusion
SOB
CP
Cough
Diminished breath sounds
Dullness to percussion
Blunting of angles
Diagnosis of pleural effusion
CXR
Treatment of pleural effusion
If small and likely benign: observe
New onset without cause or atypical: thoracentesis
Recurrent: pleurodesis
How to determine exudative vs. transudative fluid?
Pleural protein/serum protein > 0.5
Pleural LDH/serum LDH > 0.6
Pleural LDH > 2/3 ULN
At least one positive = exudative
Etiologies of post-op pneumonia
Aspiration
Atelectasis
Impaired cough reflex
S/S of post-op pneumonia
Fever
Tachypnea
SOB
Crackles
Diminished breath sounds
Diagnosis of post-op pneumonia
CXR
Treatment of post-op pneumonia
Obtain sputum culture
No risk factors: Rocephin
Pseudomonas risk: Zosyn
MRSA risk: Vanc
What procedure is most associated with post-op pneumothorax?
Central line placement
S/S of pneumothorax
Sudden SOB
CP
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Unequal breath sounds
Hyperresonance with percussion
Diagnosis of pneumothorax
CXR
Treatment of post-op pneumothorax
Chest tube and admission
Etiology of fibrocystic breast disease
Hormonal imbalance
S/S of fibrocystic breast disease
Pain and tenderness
Fluctuation in size
Multiple lesions
Diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease
US
Treatment of fibrocystic breast disease
Reassurance
S/S of fibroadenoma
Round, firm, mobile, nontender mass
Diagnosis of fibroadenoma
US
Treatment of fibroadenoma
If asymptomatic: none
If symptoms or rapidly growing: surgery
Risk factors for breast cancer
Family hx
Nulliparity
Early menarche
HRT use
S/S of breast cancer
Painless breast mass
Fixed, hard, irregular shape
Skin changes
