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Surgery EOR > Pulm and WH Surgery > Flashcards

Pulm and WH Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Etiologies of hemoptysis

A

Infection
PE
Cancer
TB

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2
Q

Transudative pleural effusion etiologies

A

Heart failure
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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3
Q

Exudative pleural effusion etiologies

A

Infection
Cancer

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4
Q

S/S of pleural effusion

A

SOB
CP
Cough
Diminished breath sounds
Dullness to percussion
Blunting of angles

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5
Q

Diagnosis of pleural effusion

A

CXR

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6
Q

Treatment of pleural effusion

A

If small and likely benign: observe
New onset without cause or atypical: thoracentesis
Recurrent: pleurodesis

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7
Q

How to determine exudative vs. transudative fluid?

A

Pleural protein/serum protein > 0.5
Pleural LDH/serum LDH > 0.6
Pleural LDH > 2/3 ULN

At least one positive = exudative

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8
Q

Etiologies of post-op pneumonia

A

Aspiration
Atelectasis
Impaired cough reflex

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9
Q

S/S of post-op pneumonia

A

Fever
Tachypnea
SOB
Crackles
Diminished breath sounds

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10
Q

Diagnosis of post-op pneumonia

A

CXR

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11
Q

Treatment of post-op pneumonia

A

Obtain sputum culture
No risk factors: Rocephin
Pseudomonas risk: Zosyn
MRSA risk: Vanc

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12
Q

What procedure is most associated with post-op pneumothorax?

A

Central line placement

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13
Q

S/S of pneumothorax

A

Sudden SOB
CP
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Unequal breath sounds
Hyperresonance with percussion

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14
Q

Diagnosis of pneumothorax

A

CXR

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15
Q

Treatment of post-op pneumothorax

A

Chest tube and admission

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16
Q

Etiology of fibrocystic breast disease

A

Hormonal imbalance

17
Q

S/S of fibrocystic breast disease

A

Pain and tenderness
Fluctuation in size
Multiple lesions

18
Q

Diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disease

A

US

19
Q

Treatment of fibrocystic breast disease

A

Reassurance

20
Q

S/S of fibroadenoma

A

Round, firm, mobile, nontender mass

21
Q

Diagnosis of fibroadenoma

A

US

22
Q

Treatment of fibroadenoma

A

If asymptomatic: none
If symptoms or rapidly growing: surgery

23
Q

Risk factors for breast cancer

A

Family hx
Nulliparity
Early menarche
HRT use

24
Q

S/S of breast cancer

A

Painless breast mass
Fixed, hard, irregular shape
Skin changes

25
Q

Diagnosis of breast cancer

A

Mammogram
Core needle biopsy

26
Q

Treatment of breast cancer

A

Mastectomy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy

27
Q

Physiologic nipple discharge

A

Multi-ductal
Only elicited following manual pressure
Surrounding pregnancy

28
Q

Abnormal nipple discharge

A

Single duct
Spontaneous

29
Q

MCC of abnormal nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papillomas

30
Q

Etiologies of galactorrhea

A

Pregnancy
Medications
Pituitary adenomas

31
Q

S/S of galactorrhea

A

Bilateral, multiductal, milky discharge from a nonlactating person

32
Q

Diagnosis of pathologic galactorrhea

A

US or mammogram first
Subareolar duct excision

Surgery EOR (12 decks)

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