Surgery Cardio Flashcards
When is it considered to be a AAA?
> 3 cm
Where do most AAAs develop?
Below the renal arteries
Risk factors for AAA
Male
Smoker
Family hx
Age
S/S of AAA (nonruptured)
Asymptomatic
S/S of ruptured AAA
Severe, tearing abdominal pain
Radiates to back
Hypotension
Palpable abdominal mass
Diagnosis of AAA
US
CT if you need to know exact size
Screening for AAA
One time with US for all men 65-75 who have ever smoked or have other risk factors (1st degree relative)
How often to US for AAA?
3-3.4 cm: q2 years
3.5-4.4 cm: q12 months
4.5-5.4 cm: q6 months
When should a patient be referred to vascular for AAA?
4.5 cm
Management of AAA
Nonruptured: continue monitoring
Ruptured: emergent endovascular repair
When is elective repair of AAA indicated?
> 5.5 cm
0.5 cm growth in 6 months
MCC of thoracic aortic aneurysms
Atherosclerosis
Presentation of thoracic aneurysm
Mostly asymptomatic
Diagnosis of thoracic aneurysm
CXR shows widened mediastinum
CT with contrast
Management of thoracic aneurysm
Surgical repair
S/S of aortic dissection
Severe ripping CP
Radiates to back and neck
Sudden onset
Hypertensive
Diagnosis of aortic dissection
CT with contrast
Treatment of aortic dissection
Labetalol
Morphine
Surgery for all type A, and type B with malperfusion
Etiology of acute arterial occlusion
Thrombus or embolus
S/S of arterial occlusion
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Poikilothermia
Paresthesias
Diagnosis of acute arterial occlusion
Mostly clinical
Doppler
Treatment of acute arterial occlusion
Immediate revascularization within 3 hours
IV heparin C
Claudication
Pain, aching that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
Pseudoclaudication
Occurs with standing
Relieved by sitting and position
Takes longer to relieve than claudication
