surgery for non-malignant lung disease

Question 1

what are the causes of lung abscesses?

Answer 1

aspiration (including FB)
pneumonia
PTE
lung Ca
septic emboli

Question 2

what happens when a lung abscess bursts and pus moves cross the visceral pleura?

Answer 2

empyema thoracis

Question 3

what happens when a lung abcsess heals?

Answer 3

fibrosis

Question 4

what is visible on a CXR of a lung abscess?

Answer 4

thin layer of granulation tissue with a fluid-air level in side

Question 5

what is the treatment for a lung abscess?

Answer 5

chest drain

Question 6

what are the symptoms of a lung abscess?

Answer 6

swinging temperature, cough, SOB

Question 7

what are some of the causes of empyema thoracis?

Answer 7

post-pneumonic
post-operative
oesophageal
upper abdominal related
osteomyelitis
post traumatic

Question 8

what are the surgical methods for dealing with empyema thoracis?

Answer 8

pleuractomy and decortication

Question 9

what is pleurectomy (for empyema)?

Answer 9

operation to remove a layer of fibrous tissue from the surface of the lung

Question 10

what is decortication (for empyema)?

Answer 10

operation to remove fibrous tissue from the inner surface of the ribs

Question 11

what are some examples of thymic tumours?

Answer 11

thyoma
thymolipoma
thymic carcinoma
carcinoid tumours of the thymus
lymphoma

Question 12

what are some tracheal surgeries?

Answer 12

repair of iatrogenic injury
tracheal tumours (salivary gland tumours, squamous carcinomas)

Question 13

what are some examples of benign lung tumours?

Answer 13

hamertoma
fibroma
lipoma
neural tumours
papillimas
chondroma
carcinoid

Question 14

what is a intrathoracic neurofibroma?

Answer 14

a benign tumour of a nerve in the thorax

Question 15

what are the complications of a intrathoracic neurofibroma?

Answer 15

they can grow to a large size and take over the space the lung should be filling

Question 16

what is a hamartoma?

Answer 16

a benign tumour where there is over proliferation of tissues normally found in the organ/ area of the body

Question 17

what is teratoma?

Answer 17

a tumour where there is over proliferation of tissues not expected to be found in the area of the tumour

Question 18

what is a bullous lung disease?

Answer 18

lung disease that forms large air pockets in the lung

Question 19

what is a bullous?

Answer 19

an air pocket in the lung greater then or equal 2 cm in size

Question 20

what is a bleb?

Answer 20

an airpocket in the lung less than 2 cm in size

Question 21

what are the indications for surgery of pneumothorax?

Answer 21

recurrence
persistence
after one episode (eg. if diver or pilot)

Question 22

what are the surgery options for pneumothorax?

Answer 22

pleurodhesis

pleurectomy

Question 23

when are bronchogenic cysts present from?

Answer 23

birth

Question 24

when can a bronchogenic cyst cause symptoms?

Answer 24

compression of the trachea or oesophagus

Question 25

what conditions might be treated by lung transplantation?

Answer 25

cystic fibrosis
pulmonary fibrosis
emphysema

Question 26

what are the contraindications for lung transplantation?

Answer 26

age >65
overweight
diabetic
renal failure
mental illness
poor social support