Surgery

Question 1

Prevention of unwanted breeding, behavioral modification, testicular tumors, testicular torsion, and testicular infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostatic cysts or abscesses, and perianal adenoma are all indications for performing what?

Answer 1

CASTRATION

Question 2

What are the 2 approaches to canine castration

Answer 2

1. pre-scrotal (midline or paramedian)
2. scrotal

Question 3

why do you have to be gentle with clippers when surgically prepping for castration?

Answer 3

scrotal skin is easier to clipper burn and damage

Question 4

what type of block should you do for castration?

Answer 4

testicular block with lidocaine or bupivacaine

Question 5

For pre-scrotal approach, how should you perform the castration?

Answer 5

1. stand on opposite side of table (R), push testicle cranially to pre-scrotal area with NON-dominant hand
2. incise over testicle until you get to “bubbly fat” layer, avoid cutting the penis
3. perform open or closed castration

Question 6

This describes which type of castration?
Do not cut into vaginal tunic, apply traction on testicle with dominant hand, strip scrotal ligament with non-dominant hand, and pull testicle.

Answer 6

closed

Question 7

This describes which type of castration?
incise into vaginal tunic, strip away from testicle, expose vessels

Answer 7

open

Question 8

T/F: when ligating at the end of a castration, you should double ligate cord/vessels with hemostats/clamps and place circumferential or transfixing or mod millers knot, transect and remove the testicle.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are 4 indications for scrotal ablation (removing testicles and scrotum)?

Answer 9

1. dermatitis
2. neoplasia
3. pendulous scrotum
4. post-op severe hematoma

Question 10

how do you perform scrotal ablation?

Answer 10

1. incise around base of scrotum
2. dissect through SQ layer and ID the testicles
3. neuter as normal
4. close SQ layer, then skin layer with intradermal absorbable suture (mono or vicryl) with minimal tension

Question 11

What common post-op complication is a good example of delayed hemorrhage and should be treated with ice, rest, and sedation if not severe?

Answer 11

scrotal hematoma

Question 12

What happens if you cut or suture the penis on accident?

Answer 12

fistula :(

Question 13

What are the advatages to scrotal castration as opposed to prescrotal castration?

Answer 13

you can leave the incision open a little bit to heal on its own by 2nd intention so you are less likely to get a hematoma

Question 14

What are the disadvtanges to scrotal castration as opposed to prescrotal castration?

Answer 14

it WILL drain sero-sanguinous fluid for a few days post-op.
if you dont leave the incision open enough, it will heal over on itself within 1-2 days before 2nd intention was able to occur and hematoma risk is increased.

Question 15

how do we remove hair from cat scrotum prior to castration?

Answer 15

plucking because it is least damaging

Question 16

tearing the testicles during feline castration causes what?

Answer 16

vasospasm (collapse of vessels) and hemostasis

Question 17

Why should you be cautious of tearing testicles too roughly during feline castration?

Answer 17

sperm cord near ureter, can tear ureters off of bladder.

Question 18

when pulling cat testicles, what is the indication that you’ve pulled enough and can begin tying?

Answer 18

you will feel 2 pops (2 ligaments disconnect)

Question 19

T/F: left testicle is more commonly the cryptorchid / retained testicle

Answer 19

false – the right one is more common

Question 20

at what age are the testicles normally descended by?

Answer 20

2 months!

Question 21

This type of crytorchid is usually palpable, between the inguinal ring and scrotum, requires only simple SQ dissection, and normal neuter.

Answer 21

inguinal

Question 22

in the case of a bilateral abdominal crypthorchid, the testicle is usually found where?

Answer 22

between kidney and inguinal ring (1/2 way), so you must use ventral midline approach (abdominal procedure)

Question 23

in the case of unilateral abdominal cryptorchid, what surgical approach can be used?

Answer 23

limited paramedian approach

Question 24

why should you do histopath on testicles that you remove during cryptorchid cases?

Answer 24

you must ensure what you removed is, in fact, a testicle.

Question 25

name the 3 onychectomy (de-claw) procedure types

Answer 25

1. guillotine
2. blade
3. laser

Question 26

T/F: you should use nerve blocks (dorsal palmar or ring) to provide analgesia for de clawing

Answer 26

true

Question 27

If you are performing guillotine declaw, and you make an improper line of incision, what is the outcome?

Answer 27

germinal tissue is left behind and the nail will regrow. this will cause malformation and pain.

Question 28

what is the disadvantage to using blade declawing method?

Answer 28

easy to slip and cut digital pad –> chronic lameness

Question 29

what is the disadvantage to laser declawing method?

Answer 29

can burn other phalanx and cause necrosis