Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA LS > surgery > Flashcards

surgery Flashcards

1
Q

useful test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatits

A

faecal elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

treating hyperkalemia?

A

Calcium gluconate is the first step in the management of severe hyperkalaemia as it stabilises the cardiac membrane and reduces the risk of ventricular fibrillation.

insulin and 10% dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

testicular torsion, presence of a bell clapper deformity.

mx?

A

Testicular torsion surgery should involve fixation of both testes to prevent torsion of the other testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

awaiting bowel surgery but had a perf. what procedure would be best at this point?

A

Hartmann’s procedure is often an emergency operation to remove an obstruction, persistent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute pancreatitis: causes

A

zathioprine, mesalazine*, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute pancreatitis: causes

A

zathioprine, mesalazine*, didanosine, bendroflumethiazide, furosemide, pentamidine, steroids, sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

overweight lady, breast lump, decresing in size, played rugby but no truma, lump is poorly mobile

what is it?

A

Fat necrosis of the breast

Traumatic breast fat necrosis can occur after unnoticed injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

presentation of extradural (epidural) haematoma vs subdural?

Artery involved in both?

A

extradural: middle meningeal artery!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage vs Intracerebral haematoma?

r/f?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4cm fibroadenoma, mx?

A

Breast fibroadenoma: surgical excision is usual if >3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

base of skull fracture 3 components

A

Bleeding from ruptured vessels can leak into the middle ear (haemotympanum) or mastoid area (Battle’s sign), while ruptured CSF spaces may cause fluid to leak into the nose or auditory canal (CSF rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss
mx?

A

should be referred (within 24 hours) to ENT, for investigation and consideration of steroid therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aromatase inhibitors (e.g. anastrozole) vs SERM may cause

A

osteoporosis, DEXA scan, hot flushes
arthralgia, myalgia insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bilious vomiting in neonates

Duodenal atresia VS Malrotation with volvulus VS Meconium ileus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Suspected epididymo-orchitis: TX?

A

ceftriaxone 500mg intramuscularly single dose, plus oral doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 10-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Surgical op inolving the rectum, what is the procedure?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

most common type of breast cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma (no special type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A 35-year-old woman complains of ‘lumpy’ breasts. Her symptoms are worse in the premenstrual period.

A

Fibroadenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A 26-year-old woman has noticed a discrete, non-tender lump which is highly mobile on examination.

A

Fibroadenoma

like mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysm. screening?

A

Single abdominal ultrasound at 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

40-year-old female patient

father has recently been diagnosed with breast cancer.

advise?

A

Paternal family history of breast cancer - secondary care referral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

breast screening age and frequency?

A

50-70 years
every 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anal fissure mx?

A

less then 1 week- bulk forming stools

topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ascending cholangitis features?

A

Charcot’s cholangitis triad: fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

79-year-old man some blood in his stools, suspicious mass on the anal sphincter.
management plans?

A

Rectal cancer on the anal verge → Abdomino-perineal excision of rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

most common cause of small bowel obstruction

first-line imaging for suspected small bowel obstruction

A

Adhesions

Abdominal x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How should his metformin vs sulfa be managed on the day of surgery?

A

Surgery / sulfonylureas on day of surgery:
omit on the day of surgery
exception is morning surgery in patients who take BD - they can have the afternoon dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

amylase increased in?

A

pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

CT head in 1 hour vs 8 hours guidelines?

A
29
Q

Male sterilisation - failure rate

A

1 in 2,000

30
Q

A 49-year-old woman presents with a tender lump around the areola associated with a green nipple discharge.

A

Mammary duct ectasia

31
Q

important complication of femoral hernias

A

Strangulation

32
Q

breast cyst mx?

A

Breast cysts should be aspirated

33
Q

most important when classifying the clinical severity of a case of acute pancreatitis?

A

Presence of any systemic or local complications

34
Q

renal stones
otger then pain relief another med useful?

A

alpha adrenergic blocker

Calcium channel blockers are also sometimes used to aid the spontaneous passage of the stone.

35
Q

what procedure to do depending on stone size?

A
35
Q

what procedure to do depending on stone size?

A
36
Q

classically described as a ‘bag of worms’

A
37
Q

surgery in the morning
takes 20 units of long acting insulin
What should her once-daily dose of insulin be on the day before surgery?

A

once-daily insulin dose should generally be reduced by 20% on the day before and the day of surgery

38
Q

60-year-old man
complaining of worsening pain in his left leg.
known to have peripheral arterial disease
left lower limb is pale and feels cold with no signs of oedema or trauma
dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses are absent on palpation and inaudible on a doppler exam. His right lower limb pulses are palpable. IV morphine has been administered.

management ?

A

The initial management of acute limb ischaemia includes analgesia, IV heparin and vascular review

39
Q

blood-stained nipple discharge

A

Duct papilloma

40
Q

Propofol

A

an antiemetic and is therefore particularly useful for patients with a high risk of post-operative vomiting

41
Q

Prostate cancer - more common in

A

Afro-Caribbean population

42
Q

first-line investigation in suspected prostate cancer. after high psa

A

Multiparametric MRI

43
Q

58-year-old man
PSA normal
pr exam: irregular, hard and craggy prostate

next step?

A

refer the patient as a 2-week wait referral.

44
Q

Brain death testing conformation?

A

Brain death testing should be undertaken by two separate doctors on separate occasions

45
Q

testicular cancer should be suspected

A

non-painful enlargement or change in shape or texture of the testis

46
Q

Penile cancer can present with ulceration

A

squamous cell carinoma

47
Q

emergency laparotomy

what colostomy bag site?

A

end colostomy

48
Q

congenital inguinal hernias more common on what side?

A

RIGHT

49
Q

6-week check, you notice bilateral hydroceles

mx?

A

Communicating hydroceles are common in newborn males and often resolve spontaneously

50
Q

Penile cancer is associated with… infection?

A

HIV

51
Q

imaging of choice in suspected renal colic

A

Non-contrast CT-KUB

52
Q

being treated for an episode of giant cell arteritis
20mg prednisolone daily.
drug to prescribe prior to surgery?

A

Hydrocortisone supplementation is required prior to surgery for patients taking prednisolone

53
Q

Finasteride treatment of BPH may take … how long to work>?

A

6 months

54
Q

national screening programme for colorectal cancer.

A

Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) test kits are sent every 2 years to all patients aged 60-74 years in England, 50-74 years in Scotland
57%

55
Q

Lumpectomy is performed (wide excision)
well-differentiated mucinous carcinoma

tx?

A

Whole breast radiotherapy is recommended after a woman has had a wide-local excision as this may reduce the risk of recurrence by around two-thirds

56
Q

colorectal cancer marker?

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen

57
Q

most important risk factor for bladder cancer

A

smoking

58
Q

6-year-old boy
noticed the erection

ix?

A

Cavernosal blood gas analysis is a useful investigation for priapism

59
Q

when to refer a breast lump?

A

Refer women aged >30 with an unexplained breast lump using a suspected cancer pathway referral

60
Q

Anal fissures- last thing to try?

A

sphincterotomy may be considered for cases that do not respond to conservative management

61
Q

Adult patients with a hydrocele.. mx?

A

ultrasound to exclude underlying causes such as a tumour

62
Q

patient has prostatitis, wants PSA

when to do it?

A

Avoid performing a prostate specific antigen test within one month of prostatitis

63
Q

Inguinal hernia
location?

A

superior and medial to the pubic tubercle

64
Q

subarachnoid haemorrhage

mx?

A

most intracranial aneurysms are now treated with a coil by an interventional neuroradiologist

65
Q

anaesthetic may cause malignant hyperthermia

A

isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane

66
Q

Chronic anal fissure steps:

A

dietary modification, laxatives and topical anaesthetic, topical glyceryl trinitrate

67
Q

wound dehiscence in the central part of his laparotomy incision and small bowl is visible

tx?

A

Cover the wound with sterile saline-soaked gauze and administer antibiotics while awaiting a senior review

68
Q

Patients with long saphenous vein superficial thrombophlebitis should ?

mx?

A

ultrasound scan to exclude an underlying DVT

MSRA LS (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions