Hematology

Question 1

Hodgkin’s lymphoma - histology?
presentation?
symptoms associated with poor prognosis?

Answer 1

non tender asymmetrical lymphadenopathy

Reed stern berg cells

Question 2

complications following a DVT?

Answer 2

Question 3

A 22-year-old man with sickle cell anaemia presents with pallor, lethargy and a headache. Blood results are as follows:

low reticulocyte

Answer 3

APLASTIC CRISIS secondary to parvovirus

Question 4

A 4-year-old girl with sickle cell anaemia presents with abdominal pain. On examination, she is noted to have splenomegaly and is clinically anaemic. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 4

sequestration crisis, the sickle cells cause the spleen to become grossly enlarged causing the abdominal pain as present in this case.

reticulocyte is high!

Question 5

Recurrent tonsillitis in a young person with lymphocytosis and neutropenia

Answer 5

Epstein-Barr virus may result in neutropaenia
underlying glandular fever aka infectious mono

An increase in the number of circulating activated T and B lymphocytes seen in the virus causes lymphocytosis

Question 6

going for surgery, when to stop the cocp?

Answer 6

4 weeks prior op

Question 7

medication which increases DVT risk?

Answer 7

raloxifene and tamoxifen

Cant relax with tammy

Question 8

most common cause for microcytic anaemia?

Answer 8

IDA

also thalassaemia- but bloods will be abnormal

Question 9

patient is presenting with symptoms of DVT. but what inital test? and how do you decide?

Answer 9

If a 2-level DVT Wells score is ≥ 2 points then arrange a proximal leg vein ultrasound scan within 4 hours

Question 10

woman weight loss, splenomeglay, leucocyotisis, all stages of granulocyates?

tx?

Answer 10

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
CML
imatinib

Question 11

DIC dx?

Answer 11

Question 12

most common inherited thrombophilia causing PE?

most common inherited clotting disorder i.e prolonged bleeding from tooth extraction?

Answer 12

FACTOR V

Von Willebrand’s disease

Question 13

presenting with symptoms and signs consistent with polycythaemia vera

tx?

Answer 13

Pruritis (worst after taking showers or hot baths).
Tingling, burning, and numbness in arms, hands, and feet.
Headaches and lethargy.
Splenomegaly.
Elevated haemoglobin on full blood count.

Phlebotomy or venesection is performed to remove a patient’s blood in order to reduce the haemoglobin levels in patients.

Question 14

management of polycythaemia vera for prevention of thrombus formation.

Answer 14

Ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor

Question 15

young girl. heavy periods. midly elevated PTT

Answer 15

Von Willebrand’s disease is the most likely diagnosis as it is the most common inheritied bleeding disorder. The mildy elevated APTT is consistent with this diagnosis.

The mild anaemia is consistent with the long history of menorrhagia.

Question 16

Acute haemolytic reaction presentation during blood transfusion
?

Answer 16

Question 17

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Answer 17

Question 18

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)
?

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

isolated thrombocytopenia- deficiney in platlets!
ITP

Think in VWB the platelets are normal

Question 19

Answer 19

isolated thrombocytopenia- deficiney in platlets!
ITP

Question 20

potentially deadly condition related to the treatment of high-grade lymphomas and leukaemias…..
triggered by the introduction of combination chemotherapy….

dx?
electrolyte disturbance for potassium phosphate and calcium?
tx?

Answer 20

tumour lysis syndrome- person with lymphoma being started on chemotherapy
high potassium
high phosphate
low calcium

he most commonly used prophylaxis is allopurinol (either IV or oral)

Question 21

components for managing sickle cell crisis

Answer 21

analgesia, oxygen, and IV fluids.

Question 22

2ww rule for microcytic anemia?

Answer 22

Microcytic anaemia in an elderly patient presenting in primary care should be referred under 2 week wait

Question 23

presenting with features consistent with neutropenic sepsis:?

tx?

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

think– look at plateltes!

First-line treatment for ITP is oral prednisolone

Question 25

blood film strongly suggests acute promyelocytic leukaemia

Answer 25

auer rods

Question 26

Which blood product type poses the greatest risk in immunocompromised state?

Answer 26

Platelet transfusions have the highest risk of bacterial contamination compared to other types of blood products

Question 27

The antidote for warfarin is …..

The antidote for dabigatran is …..

The antidote for heparin is …

Answer 27

The antidote for warfarin is vitamin K.

The antidote for dabigatran is idarucizumab.

The antidote for heparin is protamine sulfate.

Question 28

what type of crises in sickle cell can be precipitated by infection, dehydration or deoxygenation

Answer 28

THROMBOTIC

the other aplastic and sequestrian needs a reticulocyte count

Question 29

Recurrent priapism can be seen in

Answer 29

SS DISEASE

Question 30

Acute chest syndrome in SS patients presentation?

Answer 30

Question 31

blood transfusion : Non-haemolytic febrile reaction?

Answer 31

Question 32

VWD- platelet, APTT, bleeding time?

Answer 32

Question 33

Behcet’s syndrome increases…?

Answer 33

DVT risk

Behcet’s inflammation of blood vessels

Question 34

man has ACS- heart attakc confirmed by ECG, HB is 75…. how to tx low hb?

Answer 34

below 80g/L for transfusion of red blood cells for patients with ACS