nephrology

Question 1

hyperacute transplant rejection
why?
mx?

Answer 1

Hyperacute transplant rejection is caused by pre-existing antibodies against ABO or HLA antigens

No treatment is possible for hyperacute transplant rejection - the graft must be removed

Question 2

Henoch-Schonlein purpura classically presents

Answer 2

abdominal pain, arthritis, haematuria and a purpuric rash over the buttocks and extensor surfaces of arms and legs

Question 3

A 14 year-old boy develops visible haematuria following an upper respiratory tract infection.

dx

vs Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Answer 3

IgA nephropathy
burgers disease

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ;happens 2 weeks post respiratory infection

Question 4

renal cell carcinoma:
classical triad:

Answer 4

haematuria, loin pain, abdominal mass

Question 5

what electrolyte shows….?…indication that kidney disease is chronic and not acute

Answer 5

HYPOcalcaemia

Chronic renal failure can lead to impaired conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to its active form, which is needed for intestinal calcium absorption.

Question 6

cancers is he most at risk of following renal transplantation?

Answer 6

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Question 7

eGFR variables

Answer 7

CAGE - Creatinine, Age, Gender, Ethnicity

Question 8

screening test for adult polycystic kidney disease

Answer 8

ULTRASOUND ABDOMEN

Question 9

adult had uncooked meat, now diarrhoea, noromocytic thrombocytopenia,

dx?

Answer 9

HUS
due to e coli

Question 10

CKD on haemodialysis - most likely cause of death

Answer 10

Ischaemic heart disease

Question 11

patient on ramipril, what change in egfr and creatine is acceptable?

Answer 11

NICE suggest that a decrease in eGFR of up to 25% or a rise in creatinine of up to 30% is acceptable,