Surgery

Question 1

When to do crichothyroidotomy _______. When to do flex bronch_____

Answer 1

airway bleeding, facial trauma

cervical injury

Question 2

BP = CO * ____

Answer 2

TPR = MAP- MVP

Question 3

Mechanisms to reduce ICP

1) ____ventilation
2) Mannitol
3) ______
4) Hypertonic saline

Answer 3

hyper

head elevation

Question 4

Chronic CN3 palsy may be a sign of ______

Answer 4

PCA aneurysm

Question 5

Chronic post prandial pain out of proportion, nausea, weight loss in elderly _____ or _______

Answer 5

1) Chronic mesenteric ischemia

2) Median arcuate ligament syndrome (celiac compression)

Question 6

______ can occur after intra-abdominal infection ,cholangitis, pancreatitis, causing fever/transaminitis. Most accurate and best initial test_____

Answer 6

Pyogenic liver abscess

Abd US

Culprit Organisms

1) HCC: Staph Aureus
2) Colorectal cancer: Kleb Pneumoniae
3) Neutropenia: Candida

Question 7

Most accurate test for cholecystitis, highest sensitivity ________

Answer 7

HIDA scan, most often done is = Abd US

Question 8

Post cholecystectomy, fevers, abdominal pain

Answer 8

Bile leak, Intra-abdominal infection

Question 9

_____ characterized by episodic RUQ pain at irregular intervals. Most accurate test for this is ________

Answer 9

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, SOD manometry

Indication for immediate surgery: pain + evidence of cholestasis (dilated ducts, labs)

Question 10

Best initial test for fecal incontinence _____. Most accurate test _____

Answer 10

Flex Sig

Mannometry

Question 11

When to use botox/sphincterotomy for anal fissure _______

Answer 11

8 weeks of unresolved, debilitating disease

Question 12

______ is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 12

Dantrolene (succinylcholine, halothane)

Question 13

Post Operative Fever

Answer 13

Immediate : malignant hyperthermia (succinylcholine, halothane), bacteremia

Day 1 : Atelectasis
Day 2 : UTI
Day 5 : DVT/PE
Day 7 : Wound infection

Question 14

Most accurate test for cholecystitis/Bile Leak _____

Answer 14

HIDA

Question 15

Best initial test for fecal incontinence _____, most accurate _____

Answer 15

Flex sigmoidoscopy

Endorectal manometry

Question 16

Anal Atresia management, if no fistula____

Answer 16

immediate surgery

Question 17

Omphalocele management for large defects____

Answer 17

Silo, manually reduce, NPO, operate at appropriate time

Question 18

Double bubble sign with billous vomiting____, _____

Answer 18

duodenal atresia, annular pancreas

Question 19

progressive jaundice for 6-8 weeks, blockage of a duct_____. Best initial test ____

Answer 19

biliary atresia, RUQ US

Question 20

Treatment of intusseption_____

Answer 20

barium/air enema

Question 21

Arm rotated in, deltoid numbness can be a sign of

Answer 21

anterior shoulder dislocation

Question 22

Common cause of thoracic outlet syndrome______, the ____ form of it does not require intervention

Initial Dx: Doppler US vs MR Angio

Answer 22

congenital cervical rib, neurogenic

Question 23

T/F/: testcular torsion needs both testis to receive orchypexy?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

In children

• Early UTI______
• Early incontinence_____

Answer 24

Vesiculo ureteral reflux

Posterior ureteral valves

Question 25

Teenager with colicky pain, beer drinker_____

Answer 25

UPJ obstruction

Question 26

For young age hydrocele, you are allowed to wait _____ months before considering surgery

Answer 26

12

Question 27

When to do surgery for cryptochordism_____

Answer 27

4 months - 2 years old

Question 28

Treatment for stress incontinence_____

Answer 28

pelvic floor exercise, biofeedback

Question 29

Metronidazole mechanism of action

Answer 29

Bacterial dna synthesis

Question 30

Drugs that increase risk of pancreatitis_____

Answer 30

Thiazide, metronidazole, Lasix, tetracycline

Question 31

If anal fissure is refractory to treatment after 8 weeks____

Answer 31

lateral sphincerotomy

Question 32

Albumin _____ ,PT>___ precludes surgery

Answer 32

3, 2, 16

Question 33

EF

Answer 33

35, 8

Question 34

Most common cause of post-operative confusion______

Answer 34

hypoxia

Question 35

mechanistic cause of esophageal atresia_____

Answer 35

ventrally displaced notochord, failure of apoptosis in developing foregut

Question 36

An internally rotated leg is a sign of ________, orthopedic emergency

Answer 36

Posterior hip dislocation, hip fracture usually , hip fracture = externally rotated leg (like anterior shoulder dislocation)

Question 37

An internally rotated leg is a sign of ________, orthopedic emergency

Answer 37

Posterior hip dislocation, hip fracture usually , hip fracture = externally rotated leg (like anterior shoulder dislocation)

Question 38

____ fracture is notorious for being negative on xray

Answer 38

Tibial

Question 39

Diagnosis for testicular torsion______

Answer 39

Doppler ultrasound of the tested, for orchitis there will actually be increased flow because of the inflammation

Question 40

most common reason for newborn to not urinate_____. Premature UTI
Congenital hematuria = ____

Answer 40

posterior urethral valve , vesicoureteral reflux,

Dx: Voiding Cystogram

congenital anamoly

Question 41

Young girls who void normally, but constantly wet_________

Answer 41

Low implantation of Ureter

Question 42

Hydrocele increases risk of ______

Answer 42

Inguinal Hernia

Question 43

Stress incontinence in men that does not respond to Kegel/Biofeedback________

Answer 43

Duloxetine

Question 44

Stress incontinence in men that does not respond to Kegel/Biofeedback________

Answer 44

Duloxetine

Question 45

For AAA repair
1) Size>5.5cm, rate 1cm/year

OR

2) ________

Answer 45

Symptomatic: epigastric pain