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USMLE Step 3 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Risk of Oxalate Stones

1) _______
2) ______

A

IBD (malabsorption)

Ethylene Glycol

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2
Q

_____ syndrome that affects kidney + lung, attacks basement membrane leaving linear deposits (collagen IV target). Treated with_______

A

Good pastures syndrome

Steroid, DMARD, plasmapheresis

c-ANCA disease

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3
Q

_____ is a disease affecting sino-pulm + kidney, cough, otitis, sinusitis, C-ANCA disease

A

Wegners (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis)

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4
Q

_____ vasculitis, associated with HepB. Can be diagnosed with sural nerve biopsy

A

polyarteritis nodosa

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5
Q

______ causes painless hematuria among asians , proteinuria, elevated IgA

A

Berger’s disease (IgA Nephropathy)

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6
Q

________ is a nephropathy primarily among children, causing purpura + joint pain

A

HSP

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7
Q

PSGN characterized by perioribital edema, dark urine, and ____ complement

A

Low (C3, IgG nephron deposits)

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8
Q

_____ associated with HepC, causes joint pain/purpuric lesion, ____ complement

A

Low (C4)

Treatment: steroids useless since IgM disease

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9
Q

___ and ___ associated with FSGS

A

HIV, Heroin use

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10
Q

Weakly acid fast, filamentous, gram (+) bacteria that can cause endocarditis_____, treated with _____

A

Nocardia , bacterim

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11
Q

Branching, filamentous, anaerobe making yellow exudate following dental procedure______, treated with _____

A

Actinomyces, penicillin

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12
Q

Wright/Hansel stain for eosinophils in the urine, eosinophilia, IgE level to test for _____

A

Interstitial nephritis

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13
Q

Drugs causing interstitial nephritis

A

penicillins, sulfa, rifampin, phenytoin, allopurinol, cyclosporin

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14
Q

Treatment of child with pyelonephritis ________

A

Gentamycin + Ampicillin, NOT Cipro/Levo, fluoroquinolone are age restricted , However there is an FDA indication to use them for children <18 years. Not exactly wrong.

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15
Q

Age restriction for :

1) Nitrofurantoin______
2) Tetracycline______

A

Age 1

Age 7

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16
Q

During minimal change disease you have ____ C3/C4

A

Normal ; proteinuria usually following an illness and self resolved

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17
Q

Child age 2 - 8, presenting with limp and avascular necrosis of the femoral head _______

A

Legg Calve Perthes

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18
Q

Child age 2 - 8, presenting with limp and avascular necrosis of the femoral head _______

A

Legg Calve Perthes

Tx: Surgery after age 6

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19
Q

Adolescent who is heavy, limping, externally rotated leg (posterior displacement)______

Tx: _____

A

SCFE

Surgical pinning

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20
Q

_____ disease effects medium vessels, characterized by Conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, oral erythema, swelling of hands/feet, cervical lymphadenitis, high ESR/CRP, massive thrombocytosis

A

Kawasaki Disease

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21
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki Disease______, _____

A

IVIG, Aspirin, but NO steroids

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22
Q

Prominent complication of Kawasaki disease

A

Coronary artery aneurysm

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23
Q

A kid with Hyperactivity, constipation, growth delay suspicion for ______. Characterized by _____ on peripheral smear

A

Lead poisoning

Basophillic stippling, microcytic anemia

24
Q

Chelation for lead poisoning indicated if Lead>_____

A

45

25
Q

Drugs that may cause AIN: Penicillin, sulfa, ______

Urine stain for diagnosed____

A

phenytoin, rifampin, allopurinol, cyclosporine, NSAID

Wright hansel: eosinophilia

26
Q

Treatment of good pasture’s

A

Steroids, plasmapheresis, linear anti-glomerular deposition pattern

27
Q

_____ is a granuloma less disease, that causes lung/renal involvement

A

Microscopic polyangitis

28
Q

_____ is a lung sparing disease that can be diagnosed with a sural nerve biopsy

A

PAN

neuropathy, weight loss, fever, GI bleed, purpura (global symptoms)

29
Q

Painless recurrent hematuria in asians, in the context of recent viral illness ______

A

Bergers disease (IgA nephropathy)

For any kind of proteinuria, start ACE/ARB

30
Q

Treatment ladder for lupus nephritis
Mild:_______
Severe:_______

A

Steroid

Steroid + Cyclophosphamide

31
Q

CN3 nerve palsy can be a sign of _____

A

PCA aneurysm , needs IR/neurosurgical embolization

32
Q

Drugs that can cause AIN_______

Stain to find eosinophils_____

A

Phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, quinolones

Wright Hansell

Tx: Supportive, only steroids if no response in 48 hours

33
Q

_____ electrolyte is low in rhabdomyalosis

A

Calcium

Tx: Fluids, mannitol, alkalinization (acetazolamide)

34
Q

______ causes a constellation of kidney issues (Afferent constriction, AIN, direct papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome)

A

NSAIDS

35
Q

____ characterized by hemoptysis + G nephritis

Dx_______
Tx______

A

Good Pastures

Anti glomerular antibody, p-ANCA

Plasmapharesis/steroids

*best initial test for wegners = c-ANCA

36
Q

____ is a lung and kidney disease with no granuloma/eosinophilia, p-ANCA +

A

Microscopic Polyangitis

37
Q

Most accurate test for PAN______

A

Sural nerve biopsy

38
Q

Post viral, painless hematuria _____

A

IgA nephropathy, Tx: steroids, ACE/ARB

Dx: Requires biopsy no serological test just clues: Normal complement, slightly elevated IgA

39
Q

Deafness + renal disease____

A

Alport syndrome

40
Q

HIV/Heroin use are associated with _______

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

41
Q

Lymphoma associated with _____

A

Membranoproliferative nephritis

42
Q

Treatment of nephrotic syndromes ______

A

Steroids

43
Q

Drugs requiring dialysis with significant renal injury

1) Lithium
2) _____
3) Aspirin

A

Ethylene glycol

44
Q

____ is an autosomal recessive tubule disorder resulting in hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis due to salt wasting since sodium/chloride cannot be re-absorbed in the tubules

A

Barters Syndrome (Secondary hyperaldosteronism)

Gitelmann : Also get hypomagnesium, low urine calcium

45
Q

Causes of nephrogenic DI_____

A

Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Lithium

*ddAVP only improved central DI (Head Injury)

46
Q

Drugs associated with SIADH______

A

SSRI, Sulfa, Carbamazepine

47
Q

___is a clue to aminoglycoside/amphoterecin induced renal injury

A

Magnesium

48
Q

___is a clue to aminoglycoside/amphoterecin induced renal injury

A

Magnesium

49
Q

Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

1) Diarrhea
2) RTA

*How to distinguish between diarrhea and RTA ________

A

Urine anion gap (sodium - chloride)

negative number = normal, diarrhea
positive number = abnormal , RTA

50
Q

Type 1 RTA is a disease of the _____ tubule. Failure of H+ excretion in the kidney leading to acidosis. Potassium will be _____

Urine pH is _____

Dx: ______
Tx:_____

A

Distal

Low

High

Acid Challenge, no response

Bicarb

51
Q

Type 2 RTA is a disease of the ____ tubule. Failure of bicarb re-absorption

Potassium will be _____

Urine pH is _____

Tx:

A

Proximal

Low

Varies: Low over time, but after bicarb challenge increases

Dx: Bicarb challenge

Thiazide, high dose bicarb

52
Q

Which RTA has risk of kidney stones______

A

Type 1, cannot excrete H+ which means urine pH is high, which allows for stones

53
Q

The only RTA with high serum potassium ________

A

Type 4 (Hypoaldosteronism)

54
Q

The only RTA with high serum potassium ________

A

Type 4 (Hypoaldosteronism)

55
Q

When to start 2 BP meds in an outpatient _____

A

SBP>160

USMLE Step 3 (19 decks)

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