Infectious Disease Flashcards by Rishi Das

Broad budding yeast, Bone, skin lesions ________

Blastomycosis

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_____ is a pediatric illness, in which rash follows days of fever caused by _____

Roseola, HHV6

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____ pediatric illness of rash confined to hands + soles

Hand-Foot-Mouth, Cocksackie A

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Palms + Soles Rash

1) Secondary Syphillis
2) _______
3) Ricketsia (Rocky mountain spotted)

Hand-Foot-Mouth

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Tigecycline is effective for MRSA bacteremia (T/F)

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Myopathy/CK is a side effect of this MRSA antibiotic____

Daptomycin

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Linezolid inhibits _____ for bactericidal activity

Protein synthesis

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ESBL Treatment
1st Line\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2nd Line\_\_\_\_\_
3rd Line : Vabomere (Meropenem - Vaborbactam)
4th Line: Colistin /Polymixin

Meropenem

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam OR Ceftazidime/Avibactam

Vaborbactam is a carbapenemase inhibitor

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The combination of Zosyn + Vancomycin increases risk of _____

AKI, you could try using Linezolid

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Cystic fibrosis associated pseudomonas infection best treated with ______

Inhaled tobramycin/Aztreonam (gram - cannon) –> colistin

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Beta lactam class antibiotics include: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, _____ and _____

Carbapenema, monobactams (aztreonam)

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Flouroquinolone with good MRSA soft tissue coverage_____-

Delafloxacin

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Cefoxitin + Cefotetan are special because____

Anaerobe coverage

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Adverse side effect of imipenem_____

Seizure threshold

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What do do when someone gets redman syndrome from vancomycin____

Reduce the rate of infusion, does not have to be discontinued

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Side effect of 2 CMV antivirals : Gancicyclovir, valgancyclovir_____

Neutropenia, pancytopenia

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Lamivudine, tenofovir, adefovir are treatments for ______

Hepatitis B

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Echinochandin inhibits____

1,3 B D glucan

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Sofosbuvir mechanism of action is _____ inhibition,

RNA polymerase

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____ azole also covers Candida glabrata + Crusei. _____ covers mucor, along with isovuconazole and Amphoterecin

Azoles inhibit_______ formation

Voriconazole

Posaconazole

Ergosterol (fungal cell wall)

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Echinocandins do not cover ______, have the benefit of the least number of side effects

Cryptococcus

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Treatment for Candidemia ____ and _____. For neutropenic fever, ______ is superior to amphoterecin

Fluconazole + Caspofungin

Caspofungin (Echinocandin)

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Side effects of Azoles

1) AKI
2) _______ from RTA (Distal tubule : Type 1)

Hypokalemia

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Xray finding of osteomyelitis _______. ___ is followed to evaluate response to therapy (4 - 6 weeks)

Periosteal elevation

ESR

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______ is the only cephalosporin approved for MRSA

Ceftaroline

Honey crusted, oozing lesions an indication of _______. Can be treated with _______

Impetigo, topical mupirocin/dicloxacillin (MSSA)

Pharyngitis/Skin infection can lead to PSGN, however only _____ can lead to rheumatic fever

Pharyngeal

Side effect of terbinafine _____, used for skin/nail fungal infections

LFT

Most accurate test for PID, although never done ______. Always do a _____ when suspecting PID

Laproscopy Pregnancy test : Ectopic pregnancy can look similar

Treatment of PID with penicillin allergy________

Clindamycin + Gentamycin (Debatable)

______ presents with painful ulcers, enlarged lymph nodes, caused by H. Ducreyi

Chancroid , treated with one time Azithro or IM ceftrioxone

_______ caused by chlymidia, can be thought of as a complicated chlymidia resulting in super enlarged lymph nodes and draining tracts (Buboes)

LGV Tx: Doxy, Azithro

HSV can be treated clinically without a PCR, acute new infection requires chronic therapy (T/F)

False (7 - 10 days of acyclovir is sufficient), only chronic infection needs chronic suppressive therapy

______ results in red ulcerative lesions in the genitals, caused by Klebsiella, donovan bodies are seen under the microscope

Granuloma Inguinale

For complicated pyelo (perinephric abscess) you treated with Cipro/Levaquin +_______

Vancomycin/Oxacillin/Dicloxacillin ; treating GNR allows for staph to take over in microbial ecology

Prostatitis is unique, in that treatment must be ______ long

2 - 6 weeks, we can think of the prostate as an abscess

Tenofovir is famous for causing _____ + ______

RTA, Fanconi Syndrome

Side effect of protease inhibitors______

Metabolic syndrome

How long to use ART for post exposure prophylaxis_______

1 month

HIV Prophylaxis 1) PCP_____, _______ (CD4<200) 2) MAC (CD4<50)______ 3) CMV____(CD4<50)

Bacterim, Dapsone/Atovaquone if rash or reaction, remember that Dapsone cannot be used in those with G6PD Azithromycin , weekly Valgancyclovir

T/F : Baby must recieve Zidovudine even if mother has undetectable viral load

True (Few weeks)

Acceptable HIV pregnancy combination: ____, _____, ____

Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, raltegravir

Indication for Steroids in PCP pneumonia 1) Aa gradient >35 2) ______

pO2<70

Treatment for toxoplasmosis in HIV (ring enhancing lesion)_________

Primethamine/sulfadiazine (shown to be better than bacterim) ; will need repeat CT after therapy to confirm

T/F: Once you have cryptococcus, you have to continue fluconazole indefinitely until CD4 rises

True

MAC, characterized by anemia, weight loss, fever, isolated ALP elevations, treated with ______

Azithro + Rifampin + Ethambutol

Most common cause of culture (-) endocarditis: ____, ______. General treatment of endocarditis ___ for 4-6 weeks

Bartonella, Coxiella Ceftrioxone + Vancomycin

S.bovis and _____ are endocarditis organisms associated with colonic pathology

Closteridium Septicum

Indications for Endocarditis Prophylaxis 1) History of prosthetic valve 2) Previous endocarditis 3) _________ 4) Heart transplant with valvopathy

Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease

Procedures requiring endocarditis prophylaxis 1) Dental procedures with bleeding 2) ________ 3) Surgery of infected skin

Respiratory tract surgery

Having valvular heart disease requires peri-operative endocarditis prophylaxis (T/F)

False

retro-orbital pain, thrombocytopenia, bone pain ______

Dengue (Aedes Egypti) Same mosquito as chikungunya, yellow fever

mosquito born disease presenting with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, also associated with guillan barre syndrome______

Zika Virus

miltefosine, stibogluconate are treatments for __________

Leishmaniasis, clue: Iraq war veteren Cutaneous ulcers

Echinococcus results in cysts which can treated with _______

Alcohol injection of cysts, albendazole

Cholera can be treated with _______

Mild: Aggressive fluid hydration Severe: Doxycycline/Azithromycin

_____ weakly acid fast, branching filaments bacterium in immunocompromised patients

Nocardia

Branching, filamentous bacteria causing yellow discharge, located in the jaw following a procedure_____, treated with _____

Actinomyces, Penicillin

pancytopenia, oral ulcers, splenomegaly, viral pneumonia prodrome_______

Histoplasmosis Tx: Disseminated (Amphoterecin), itraconazole

Joint pain, erythema nodosum, resistant to echinocandins______

Coccidiomycosis

Treatment for allergic bronchopulmonar aspergillosis______

Prednisone, Itraconazole

Candida Auris can only be treated with ______

Caspofungin (Echinocandin)

fevers, abdominal pain, muscle pain (elevated CK), jaundice from exposure of animal feces______

Leptospirosis (Tx: Ceftrioxone)

Ulcerated lymph nodes, contact with rabbits _________, treated with _____

Tularemia, Doxycycline Must do Serology, not cultures given huge risk of spores causing pneumonia in the lab

Trichinellosis (pork tape work) causes muscle pain (elevated CK), eosinophilia, facial swelling, treated with _______

Albendazole

Buboes (massively enlarged lymph nodes) are a clue to _______, treated with ____

Bubonic plague , Doxycycline

____ is characterized by fevers for months, hepatosplenomegaly, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, joint pain associated with animal products

Brucellosis

____ associated with dilational conditions, dilated cardiomyopathy, esophagus, colon, initially may present with peri-orbital edema, treated with ____

Chagas, nifurtimox

____ is called cat scratch disease, most common culture negative endocarditis, causes lymphadenitis

Bartonella

Lyme can be treated empirically (T/F)

True

The deer tick causes Lyme disease and ______

Babesiosis (Maltese Cross) , Tx : Doxycycline Asplenic patients are highly prone to babesiosis, causes hemolytic anemia

C1 esterase deficiency results in low ___ and ___. Treatment for laryngeal edema during deficiency

C2/C4 C1 inhibitor plasma derivative , Icatibant, ecallantide (kallikrein inhibitor), Danazol for chronic disease Key: Steroids are not useful

______ presents in adulthood, results in low IgG

Common variable immunodeficiency

____ presents in male children, repeat sino-pulm infections, defect in B cells

X Linked (Brutons) agammaglobinemia atrophied lymph nodes

IVIG can precipitate anaphylaxis in IgA deficient patient (T/F)

True

recurrent skin infections can be characteristic of hyper _____

IgE