Infectious Disease Flashcards
Broad budding yeast, Bone, skin lesions ________
Blastomycosis
_____ is a pediatric illness, in which rash follows days of fever caused by _____
Roseola, HHV6
____ pediatric illness of rash confined to hands + soles
Hand-Foot-Mouth, Cocksackie A
Palms + Soles Rash
1) Secondary Syphillis
2) _______
3) Ricketsia (Rocky mountain spotted)
Hand-Foot-Mouth
Tigecycline is effective for MRSA bacteremia (T/F)
F
Myopathy/CK is a side effect of this MRSA antibiotic____
Daptomycin
Linezolid inhibits _____ for bactericidal activity
Protein synthesis
ESBL Treatment 1st Line\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2nd Line\_\_\_\_\_ 3rd Line : Vabomere (Meropenem - Vaborbactam) 4th Line: Colistin /Polymixin
Meropenem
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam OR Ceftazidime/Avibactam
Vaborbactam is a carbapenemase inhibitor
The combination of Zosyn + Vancomycin increases risk of _____
AKI, you could try using Linezolid
Cystic fibrosis associated pseudomonas infection best treated with ______
Inhaled tobramycin/Aztreonam (gram - cannon) –> colistin
Beta lactam class antibiotics include: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, _____ and _____
Carbapenema, monobactams (aztreonam)
Flouroquinolone with good MRSA soft tissue coverage_____-
Delafloxacin
Cefoxitin + Cefotetan are special because____
Anaerobe coverage
Adverse side effect of imipenem_____
Seizure threshold
What do do when someone gets redman syndrome from vancomycin____
Reduce the rate of infusion, does not have to be discontinued
Side effect of 2 CMV antivirals : Gancicyclovir, valgancyclovir_____
Neutropenia, pancytopenia
Lamivudine, tenofovir, adefovir are treatments for ______
Hepatitis B
Echinochandin inhibits____
1,3 B D glucan
Sofosbuvir mechanism of action is _____ inhibition,
RNA polymerase
____ azole also covers Candida glabrata + Crusei. _____ covers mucor, along with isovuconazole and Amphoterecin
Azoles inhibit_______ formation
Voriconazole
Posaconazole
Ergosterol (fungal cell wall)
Echinocandins do not cover ______, have the benefit of the least number of side effects
Cryptococcus
Treatment for Candidemia ____ and _____. For neutropenic fever, ______ is superior to amphoterecin
Fluconazole + Caspofungin
Caspofungin (Echinocandin)
Side effects of Azoles
1) AKI
2) _______ from RTA (Distal tubule : Type 1)
Hypokalemia
Xray finding of osteomyelitis _______. ___ is followed to evaluate response to therapy (4 - 6 weeks)
Periosteal elevation
ESR
______ is the only cephalosporin approved for MRSA
Ceftaroline
Honey crusted, oozing lesions an indication of _______. Can be treated with _______
Impetigo, topical mupirocin/dicloxacillin (MSSA)
Pharyngitis/Skin infection can lead to PSGN, however only _____ can lead to rheumatic fever
Pharyngeal
Side effect of terbinafine _____, used for skin/nail fungal infections
LFT
Most accurate test for PID, although never done ______. Always do a _____ when suspecting PID
Laproscopy
Pregnancy test : Ectopic pregnancy can look similar
Treatment of PID with penicillin allergy________
Clindamycin + Gentamycin (Debatable)
______ presents with painful ulcers, enlarged lymph nodes, caused by H. Ducreyi
Chancroid , treated with one time Azithro or IM ceftrioxone
_______ caused by chlymidia, can be thought of as a complicated chlymidia resulting in super enlarged lymph nodes and draining tracts (Buboes)
LGV
Tx: Doxy, Azithro
HSV can be treated clinically without a PCR, acute new infection requires chronic therapy (T/F)
False (7 - 10 days of acyclovir is sufficient), only chronic infection needs chronic suppressive therapy
______ results in red ulcerative lesions in the genitals, caused by Klebsiella, donovan bodies are seen under the microscope
Granuloma Inguinale
For complicated pyelo (perinephric abscess) you treated with Cipro/Levaquin +_______
Vancomycin/Oxacillin/Dicloxacillin ; treating GNR allows for staph to take over in microbial ecology
Prostatitis is unique, in that treatment must be ______ long
2 - 6 weeks, we can think of the prostate as an abscess
Tenofovir is famous for causing _____ + ______
RTA, Fanconi Syndrome
Side effect of protease inhibitors______
Metabolic syndrome
How long to use ART for post exposure prophylaxis_______
1 month
HIV Prophylaxis
1) PCP_____, _______ (CD4<200)
2) MAC (CD4<50)______
3) CMV____(CD4<50)
Bacterim, Dapsone/Atovaquone if rash or reaction, remember that Dapsone cannot be used in those with G6PD
Azithromycin , weekly
Valgancyclovir
T/F : Baby must recieve Zidovudine even if mother has undetectable viral load
True (Few weeks)
Acceptable HIV pregnancy combination: ____, _____, ____
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, raltegravir
Indication for Steroids in PCP pneumonia
1) Aa gradient >35
2) ______
pO2<70
Treatment for toxoplasmosis in HIV (ring enhancing lesion)_________
Primethamine/sulfadiazine (shown to be better than bacterim) ; will need repeat CT after therapy to confirm
T/F: Once you have cryptococcus, you have to continue fluconazole indefinitely until CD4 rises
True
MAC, characterized by anemia, weight loss, fever, isolated ALP elevations, treated with ______
Azithro + Rifampin + Ethambutol
Most common cause of culture (-) endocarditis: ____, ______. General treatment of endocarditis ___ for 4-6 weeks
Bartonella, Coxiella
Ceftrioxone + Vancomycin
S.bovis and _____ are endocarditis organisms associated with colonic pathology
Closteridium Septicum
Indications for Endocarditis Prophylaxis
1) History of prosthetic valve
2) Previous endocarditis
3) _________
4) Heart transplant with valvopathy
Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease
Procedures requiring endocarditis prophylaxis
1) Dental procedures with bleeding
2) ________
3) Surgery of infected skin
Respiratory tract surgery
Having valvular heart disease requires peri-operative endocarditis prophylaxis (T/F)
False
retro-orbital pain, thrombocytopenia, bone pain ______
Dengue (Aedes Egypti)
Same mosquito as chikungunya, yellow fever
mosquito born disease presenting with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, also associated with guillan barre syndrome______
Zika Virus
miltefosine, stibogluconate are treatments for __________
Leishmaniasis, clue: Iraq war veteren
Cutaneous ulcers
Echinococcus results in cysts which can treated with _______
Alcohol injection of cysts, albendazole
Cholera can be treated with _______
Mild: Aggressive fluid hydration
Severe: Doxycycline/Azithromycin
_____ weakly acid fast, branching filaments bacterium in immunocompromised patients
Nocardia
Branching, filamentous bacteria causing yellow discharge, located in the jaw following a procedure_____, treated with _____
Actinomyces, Penicillin
pancytopenia, oral ulcers, splenomegaly, viral pneumonia prodrome_______
Histoplasmosis
Tx: Disseminated (Amphoterecin), itraconazole
Joint pain, erythema nodosum, resistant to echinocandins______
Coccidiomycosis
Treatment for allergic bronchopulmonar aspergillosis______
Prednisone, Itraconazole
Candida Auris can only be treated with ______
Caspofungin (Echinocandin)
fevers, abdominal pain, muscle pain (elevated CK), jaundice from exposure of animal feces______
Leptospirosis (Tx: Ceftrioxone)
Ulcerated lymph nodes, contact with rabbits _________, treated with _____
Tularemia, Doxycycline
Must do Serology, not cultures given huge risk of spores causing pneumonia in the lab
Trichinellosis (pork tape work) causes muscle pain (elevated CK), eosinophilia, facial swelling, treated with _______
Albendazole
Buboes (massively enlarged lymph nodes) are a clue to _______, treated with ____
Bubonic plague , Doxycycline
____ is characterized by fevers for months, hepatosplenomegaly, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, joint pain associated with animal products
Brucellosis
____ associated with dilational conditions, dilated cardiomyopathy, esophagus, colon, initially may present with peri-orbital edema, treated with ____
Chagas, nifurtimox
____ is called cat scratch disease, most common culture negative endocarditis, causes lymphadenitis
Bartonella
Lyme can be treated empirically (T/F)
True
The deer tick causes Lyme disease and ______
Babesiosis (Maltese Cross) , Tx : Doxycycline
Asplenic patients are highly prone to babesiosis, causes hemolytic anemia
C1 esterase deficiency results in low ___ and ___. Treatment for laryngeal edema during deficiency
C2/C4
C1 inhibitor plasma derivative , Icatibant, ecallantide (kallikrein inhibitor), Danazol for chronic disease
Key: Steroids are not useful
______ presents in adulthood, results in low IgG
Common variable immunodeficiency
____ presents in male children, repeat sino-pulm infections, defect in B cells
X Linked (Brutons) agammaglobinemia
atrophied lymph nodes
IVIG can precipitate anaphylaxis in IgA deficient patient (T/F)
True
recurrent skin infections can be characteristic of hyper _____
IgE
