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Surg Tech 101 > Surg 101--Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Surg 101--Chapter 22 Flashcards

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1
Q

The knowledge base for instrumentation includes the _____ of instruments.

A

classification

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2
Q

The knowledge base for instrumentation includes the relationship between the _____ of an instrument and the instrument’s use in the _____.

A

design, body

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3
Q

The knowledge base for instrumentation includes the _____ of instruments.

A

care

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4
Q

The knowledge base for instrumentation includes the ability to recognize _____ instruments.

A

high quality

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5
Q

_____ (as it applies to the ST) means applying knowledge of an instrument’s capabilities, structure, design, size, and type to the surgical task at hand.

A

Critical thinking

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6
Q

The ST must plan the set up and arrangement of instruments so that as the surgery progresses, needed instruments are immediately available on the _____.

A

instrument (Mayo) stand

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7
Q

_____ are assembled according to the particular surgical specialty.

A

Instrument trays

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8
Q

There are two different grades of instruments–_____ and _____.

A

floor grade and surgical grade

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9
Q

_____ instruments are made from inferior metals and are imprecisely constructed.

A

Floor-grade

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10
Q

_____ instruments tend to bend and break easily.

A

Floor-grade

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11
Q

_____ instruments often show pitting and staining within the first few sterilization processes.

A

Floor-grade

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12
Q

_____ instruments are intended for use in less critical applications (such as suture and suture removal kits in the ER).

A

Floor-grade

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13
Q

_____ instruments are often classified as single-use items.

A

Floor-grade

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14
Q

_____ instruments are constructed of high quality stainless steel and other metal alloys (such as carbon and chromium).

A

Surgical-grade

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15
Q

_____ instruments resist bending, pitting, scratching, and dulling.

A

Surgical-grade

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16
Q

_____ is the most common metal used in surgical instruments but is also subject to corrosion.

A

Stainless steel

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17
Q

The three types of finishes used on metal instruments are _____, _____, and _____.

A

bright, satin, and ebony

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18
Q

A _____ (or mirror) finish is highly polished, reflects light, and may cause glare in the surgical field, affecting the surgeon’s vision.

A

bright

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19
Q

A _____ finish reduces glare and light reflection which can lead to eye fatigue.

A

satin

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20
Q

_____ finish instruments tend to stain more easily from the effects of detergents and low water quality.

A

Satin

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21
Q

_____ is a black chromium finish used for laser surgery.

A

Ebony

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22
Q

The dull black finish of ebony prevents _____ from reflecting or bouncing off of instruments.

A

laser beams

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23
Q

Many instruments have expensive _____ inserts to maintain a sharp edge in scissors and gripping ability in needle holders.

A

tungsten carbide

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24
Q

Instruments with tungsten carbide inserts usually are manufactured with _____ or _____ handles.

A

gold-plated or black

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25
Q

Tungsten carbide instruments are very _____.

A

expensive

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26
Q

The distribution of weight between the handle (finger rings) and the _____ is measured and tested for optimum performance.

A

fulcrum

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27
Q

Instruments are designed to match their use and the type of _____ on which they are used.

A

tissue

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28
Q

Blood vessels are never handled with an instrument that might _____ or ______ the tissue.

A

puncture or bruise

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29
Q

Fibrous tissue is very resilient and requires _____ instruments to maintain grasp.

A

toothed

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30
Q

A _____ (also called a box lock) has one or more ratchets that remain closed after they are set.

A

locking box lock clamp

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31
Q

Microsurgical instruments use a _____, which is used in the design of needle holders.

A

spring lock mechanism

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32
Q

Thumb forceps are used for _____, usually during suturing or handling tissue during surgery.

A

grasping

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33
Q

Thumb forceps are often called _____.

A

“pickups”

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34
Q

Toothed forceps have one or more _____ in the _____.

A

teeth, jaws

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35
Q

Thumb forceps are used to grasp _____ or other _____.

A

skin, connective tissue

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36
Q

Examples of toothed forceps include _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

Adson forceps with teeth, thumb tissue forceps with teeth, Bonney tissue forceps, and Cushing forceps

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37
Q

_____ are used on delicate tissue such as serosa, bowel, blood vessels, or ducts.

A

Smooth forceps (no teeth)

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38
Q

Examples of smooth forceps include _____, _____, _____, _____.

A

smooth thumb forceps, smooth Adson forceps, DeBakey forceps, and smooth Cushing forceps

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39
Q

A _____ has teeth or sharp serrations in the jaws.

A

biting clamp

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40
Q

An example of a biting clamp is the _____ clamp.

A

Kocher

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41
Q

A _____ is used on avascular fibrous tissue, bone, or on tissue that will be removed as part of the procedure.

A

biting clamp

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42
Q

A _____ has one or more teeth in jaws that can be delicate or heavy.

A

tenaculum

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43
Q

A _____ penetrates the tissue rather than just holding it with pressure on the outside surface.

A

tenaculum

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44
Q

A tenaculum is used in _____, such as the cervix.

A

fibrous tissue

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45
Q

An _____ usually has locking ratchets, but the tips do not close tightly over the tissue.

A

atraumatic clamp

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46
Q

An _____ is used on delicate tissue that is highly vascular or easily injured.

A

atraumatic clamp

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47
Q

An example of an atraumatic clamp is the _____.

A

Duval lung clamp

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48
Q

The _____ is an atraumatic, non-crushing clamp usually used on the bowel or fallopian tube.

A

Babcock clamp

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49
Q

The Bainbridge intestinal clamp and the Doyen intestinal clamp have jaws with _____ that occlude but do not crush the tissue.

A

flexible blades

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50
Q

Whenever a long clamp (such as a vascular clamp) is placed across a tissue structure, at an approximated right angel, this is called _____.

A

cross clamping

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51
Q

Cross clamping is frequently used in _____ surgery and in _____ surgery.

A

vascular, intestinal

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52
Q

A _____ blocks the flow of blood.

A

hemostat

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53
Q

The _____, _____, and _____hemostats are used to completely occlude a blood vessel while it is tied or sealed with the ESU.

A

Kelly, Crile, and mosquito

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54
Q

A _____ is capable of varying low levels of compression between its jaws.

A

semi-occluding vascular clamp

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55
Q

Semi-occluding vascular clamps are _____ to allow access to blood vessels.

A

angled

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56
Q

Examples of vascular clamps include _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

bulldog, Satinsky, Fogarty, Crafoord, and Cooley clamps

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57
Q

The _____ is used whenever razor-sharp cutting is required for tissue dissections.

A

common surgical scalpel

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58
Q

A _____ is detachable from the knife handle.

A

scalpel blade

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59
Q

Scalpel blades are numbered consistently among manufacturers, and the number indicates the _____ and _____.

A

shape and size

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60
Q

Scalpel handles: 3, 3L, 7, 9

A

Blades: 10, 11, 12, 15

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61
Q

Scalpel handles: 4, 4L

A

Blades: 18 to 25

62
Q

The _____ blade handle is used in surgery of the eye and ear.

A

beaver blade handle

63
Q

_____ are among the most frequently used and important instruments in surgery.

A

scissors

64
Q

Tissue scissors are used to sever _____ and should never be used on other materials or surgical supplies, including suture material.

A

tissue

65
Q

Small, sharp-tipped scissors, such as _____ scissors, are used for extremely fine dissection in plastic surgery.

A

tenotomy

66
Q
  1. Castroviejo scissors are commonly used in _____.
A

microsurgery

67
Q

Round-tipped, light dissecting scissors, such as _____ scissors, are used extensively on delicate tissue in general surgery.

A

Metzenbaum

68
Q

Fibrous connective tissue requires heavier scissors, such as the _____ scissors.

A

curved Mayo

69
Q

Dissecting scissors are often used to _____ tissue.

A

undermine

70
Q

_____ scissors are used for cutting suture.

A

Straight Mayo

71
Q

Scissors designed to cut tissue should never be used to cut _____, because this dulls the blades.

A

suture

72
Q

A _____ is used to cut and extract tissue.

A

rongeur

73
Q

The rongeur tips are _____, and the edges of the cups are _____.

A

cupped, sharp

74
Q

A rongeur with a single hinge is called a _____.

A

single-action rongeur

75
Q

A rongeur with two hinges is called a _____.

A

double-action rongeur

76
Q

A double-action rongeur creates _____ the leverage as a single-action rongeur.

A

twice

77
Q

Shears are large cutting instruments used to cut _____.

A

bone

78
Q

Some shears are designed so that the cutting edge is left or right of the _____.

A

hinge

79
Q

The basic design of the _____ is a small cup with a sharpened, serrated, or smooth rim at the end of a long handle.

A

curette

80
Q

The curette is used in many specialties for scooping out _____.

A

tissue

81
Q

Very fine curettes are used in _____, _____, and _____ surgery.

A

ear, paranasal, and spinal

82
Q

Larger, heavier curettes are used in _____ procedures.

A

orthopedic

83
Q

Soft tissue curettes are used in _____ surgery for curettage of the endometrium.

A

gynecological

84
Q

A _____ is an orthopedic cutting instrument that is used with a mallet.

A

chisel

85
Q

A _____ is often used to remove bone from the _____ for use as a graft elsewhere in the body.

A

large osteotome, iliac crest

86
Q

A _____ is V-shaped bone chisel, its cut looks like a small trough.

A

gouge

87
Q

An _____ is used to separate or “elevate” tissue.

A

elevator

88
Q

The heavy, round cutting elevator, such as the _____ elevator, slices tissue as it elevates.

A

Lambotte

89
Q

Very finely balanced elevators, such as the _____ and _____ elevators are used in soft tissue surgery.

A

Penfield and Freer

90
Q

In vascular surgery, Penfield and Freer elevators are used to separate atherosclerotic plaque from the inside of a _____.

A

blood vessels

91
Q

The _____ is a very commonly used elevator.

A

Joker

92
Q

The Joker’s short handle and strong tip make it ideal for separating _____ planes without causing bleeding.

A

connective tissue

93
Q

A _____ is used to remodel bone.

A

rasp

94
Q

As the surgical wound is deepened, tissue layers and other structures such as _____, _____, _____, and other tissue must be moved away from the focal point of the operation.

A

blood vessels, nerves, organs

95
Q

The _____ retractor is generally used only for connective tissue.

A

rake

96
Q

Self-retaining retractors hold tissue against the walls of the surgical wound by _____.

A

mechanical action

97
Q

Examples of self-retaining are the _____ self-retaining, _____, and _____ retractor.

A

Thompson, Bookwalter, and Balfour

98
Q

The _____ self-retaining retractor is used in cardiothoracic surgery.

A

Finochietto

99
Q

The potential for bruising, nerve and vessel damage, and even serious injury, exists for any _____ used on living tissue.

A

mechanical device

100
Q

The retractor is placed carefully and may be cushioned using _____ so that the bare blades do not press against the tissue.

A

laparotomy sponges

101
Q

The selection of a retractor is based on the _____ and _____ of the incision.

A

length and depth

102
Q

The _____ of the retractor blade is determined by the size of the incision and the tissue to be retracted.

A

width

103
Q

_____ are rounded tubular or tube-like instruments used to widen or stretch the inside diameter of a lumen.

A

Dilators

104
Q

The _____ is inserted into the cervix to measure the depth of the uterus from the cervix to the fundus.

A

uterine sound

105
Q

Orthopedic calipers are used to prepare the bone for a _____.

A

joint implant

106
Q

A _____ is used in orthopedic surgery to determine the length of screws to be implanted into bone.

A

depth gauge

107
Q

A _____ is a trial, reusable replica of an implantable prosthesis.

A

sizer

108
Q

A _____ is used to grasp a curved needle during suturing.

A

needle holder

109
Q

The length, weight, and type of tip (for needle holders) must be matched to the _____ and _____.

A

suture and tissue

110
Q

Very fine sutures require fine _____.

A

needle holders

111
Q

If the needle holder is too heavy, the surgeon will lose the _____ of the needle.

A

“feel”

112
Q

A needle holder that is too delicate for the needle will cause the needle to _____ during use.

A

twist

113
Q

Most needle holders are _____ or _____ locked.

A

ratchet or spring

114
Q

Always test the _____ before the needle holder is used.

A

ratchets

115
Q

_____ is needed during a surgical procedure to clear blood, fluids, and small bits of tissue debris from the surgical site and provide an unobstructed view of the anatomy.

A

Suction

116
Q

Suction is provided using _____, which attaches to a suction tip at one end and a closed suction canister at the other.

A

sterile plastic tubing

117
Q

The selection of a particular surgical instrument is based on the _____, the depth of the _____, the technical requirements of the instrument, and the surgeon’s preference.

A

tissue type, surgical wound

118
Q

_____ differ in texture, strength, elasticity, water, fat content, and permeability.

A

Normal tissues

119
Q

The viscera, or organs of the body, are each covered by a fine membrane called the _____.

A

serosa

120
Q

The _____ is easily punctured and the underlying tissue layers can bleed profusely.

A

serosa

121
Q

_____ instruments are needed when handling the serosa.

A

Nontraumatic

122
Q

Non-penetrating forceps, wide retractors which do not cut into the tissue and suction tips which have a guard to decrease the aspirating pressure are used on _____.

A

serosa

123
Q

Tissue that is _____ is very delicate, tends to bleed profusely, tears easily, and has little or no resilience.

A

friable

124
Q

_____ or _____ can cause normally strong tissue to become friable.

A

Infection or advanced age

125
Q

Tissues such as the _____, _____, and _____ normally are friable.

A

liver, spleen, and lung

126
Q

Friable tissue must be handled by hand or with _____ instruments.

A

Nontraumatic

127
Q

_____ used on friable tissue must be nonoccluding and _____ nontoothed.

A

Clamps, forceps

128
Q

Many anatomical structures with a _____ must be protected from puncture.

A

lumen

129
Q

Structures with a lumen are usually handled with smooth, _____ instruments.

A

Nontraumatic

130
Q

_____ used to temporarily occlude the intestine, fallopian tube, vas deferns, ureters, large blood vessels, and other ducts are only partly occlusive.

A

Clamps

131
Q

_____ is resilient and able to withstand a limited amount of stretching without injury.

A

Elastic tissue

132
Q

The _____ lining of body cavities, although elastic, can tear with extreme or repeated pressure.

A

peritoneal

133
Q

The _____ and some glandular tissue, such as the tonsils, are elastic.

A

vaginal vault

134
Q

Tissue is described as _____ when it is heavy with fluid, inflamed, or diseased.

A

boggy

135
Q

Infected or edematous tissue is _____ and difficult to clamp and suture.

A

boggy

136
Q

Boggy tissue is usually handled manually and non-occlusive clamps such as the _____ are used.

A

Babcock

137
Q

Semi-solid tissue has a high _____ content.

A

fat

138
Q

_____ does not compress well and tends to fragment into small pieces when clamped.

A

Fatty tissue

139
Q

Adipose tissue has few _____ compared with other types of tissue.

A

blood vessels

140
Q

Adipose tissue may require a penetrating retractor such as a _____.

A

sharp rake

141
Q

The _____, which has fine serration at the tip, often is used to clamp or grasp adipose tissue.

A

Allis clamp

142
Q

_____ are required for suturing fatty tissue.

A

Forceps with teeth

143
Q

_____ is resilient and somewhat springy when healthy.

A

Bone tissue

144
Q

Large bones usually are manipulated with _____ or _____ rather than direct pulling pressure.

A

traction or leverage

145
Q

Other types of connective tissues, such as _____ and _____, are extremely strong and resilient.

A

cartilage and tendon

146
Q

Most joint surfaces are exposed to _____, which has an oily consistency.

A

synovial fluid

147
Q

Fascia is often grasped with _____, which have one or two teeth at the tip.

A

Kocher clamps

148
Q

Used on mucous membrane organ tissue and on any tissue that bleeds easily.

A

Smooth forceps

149
Q

Used on connective tissue, including the skin.

A

Toothed forceps

150
Q

Specially designed with a scored insert at the working tip; this prevents puncturing of the blood vessels but provides sufficient friction to hold.

A

Vascular forceps

Surg Tech 101 (12 decks)

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