Surface EMG and Biofeedback Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Electromyography

A

used to evaluate the scope of neuromuscular disease or trauma…as well as assist with establishing anticipated goals and expected outcomes

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2
Q

Types of EMG

A

nerve conduction velocity

electromyography

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3
Q

Kinesiological Electromyography

A

used to study muscle activity and establish the role of various muscles in specific activities

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4
Q

How is kinesiological primarily carried out?

A

Electromyography (primarily surface EMG

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5
Q

sEMG

A

can also be used as a kinesiological tool to examine muscle function during specific, purposeful tasks or therapeutic regimens

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6
Q

Biofeedback:

A

describe the use of instrumentation to make covert physiological processes more apparent to the patient.

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7
Q

Motor unit:

A

LMN and all muscle fibers it connects to

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8
Q

MUAP

A

motor unit AP

the electrical activity that comes with the depolarization of a single motor unit

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9
Q

CMUAP:

A

Combined Motor unit AP: the net (sum) of all depolarization (electrical activity) that comes when a patient voluntarily contracts a muscle to move

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10
Q

3 phases to any instrumentation that is used to sense and record any electrical activity of muscle:

A

Input phase
Processing phase
Display (feedback phase)

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11
Q

Best and most widely used electrodes?

A

silver-silver chloride

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12
Q

Kinds of electrodes:

A

reusable/permanent

single use/disposable

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13
Q

Permanent:

A

do not need gel: placed on clean skin and taped on

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14
Q

Single use

A

pre-gelled, self-adhesive

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15
Q

Recording electrodes:

A

2/3 electrodes are recording “active: ones that sense electrical activity

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16
Q

Isolation ground/reference

A

make sure that 2 active electrodes are picking up activity from patient

17
Q

Why do we use 2 active electrodes?

A

The machine compared the polarity of 2 electrodes.

18
Q

Location of active electrodes?

A

generally placed at the midpoint of the muscle being recorded in line with the muscle fibers

19
Q

Electrode location placement consideration:

A

Place electrodes “in position of movement (squat)

Consider how skin may “shift” over the underlying muscle during movement

20
Q

What does spacing effect?

A

how much of muscle you sample electricity from

21
Q

Volume Conduction

A

salt water conducts electricity through its volume to surface of the skin

22
Q

Cross talk

A

if electrodes placed far apart; salt water can conduct electricity from other muscle groups and the electrodes can pick it up

23
Q

Artifact:

A

An “excess” or “erroneous” signal that is detected and displayed but does not come from the electrical activity of motor neurons or muscle tissue

24
Q

Movement artifact:

A

cables of machine do not move too much: can cause electrical display to shift
physical movement, not electrical activity

25
Q

Power line interference:

A

isolation ground not eliminating interference and it shows in recording

26
Q

ECG:

A

might see PQRS complex if recording near heart

27
Q

Filtering:

A

the electrical signal from the patient is filtered to only allow frequency components of 80-250 Hertz to pass.

28
Q

Low smoothing:

A

screen display changes very quickly to follow changes in muscle activity

29
Q

High smoothing:

A

screen display does not change quickly to follow changes in muscle activity
trend over time

30
Q

Amplification:

A

Can be used to adjust the “size” of an EMG signal on a given display.

31
Q

Goal/Threshold:

A

Some level of EMG that a patient can be prompted to “contract up to” or “relax down to

32
Q

Display Modes:

A

continuous

work/rest

33
Q

Continuous Display:

A

The unit continuously displays the patient’s electrical activity along with any goals or other feedback

34
Q

Work/Rest Mode:

A

The unit prompts the patient to contract toward the goal for a specific period of time and then prompts the patient to relax for a specific period of time

35
Q

Types of audio feedback:

A

tone (changing pitch or volume)

clicks (changing frequency or volume)

36
Q

Audio tones can be:

A

continuous
on above goal
on or off below goal

37
Q

Video feedback to patient:

A

Moving trace on computer screen
Bar graphs
Banks of LEDs

38
Q

Concurrent Assessment of
Muscular Activity (CAMA)

A

the output of the sEMG unit is directed to the patient, who is asked to respond appropriately and modify his or her performance

39
Q

EMG-triggered NMES

A

CMUAP monitored and threshold is set above what patient can do. Patient contracts target muscle. When threshold is met NMES stimulates a more powerful contraction