Comp Exam Flashcards
Precautions for thermotherapy:
cardiac insufficiency, edema, impaired circulation, impaired thermal regulation, metal in treatment sites, pregnancy, open wound, demylination
Contraindications for thermotherapy:
acute and early subacute traumatic and inflammatory conditions, decreased circulation, decreased sensation, DVT, impaired cognitive function, malignant tumors, edema or hemorrhage, very you and very old
Hot pack heat:
165-170 F (70-75C)
20-30 mins
6-8 layers of towels
Paraffin temperature:
118-130 F melts
175 F sterilized
Contraindications to paraffin:
allergic rash, open wounds, recent scars and sutures, skin infections
Whirpool temperature
103-110 F
Whirpool temperature for peripheral vascular disease:
95-100 F
Whirpool precautions:
decreased temperature sensation, impaired cognition, recent skin graft, confusion/disorientation, deconditioned state
Cryotherapy precautions:
hypertension, impaired temperature sensation, open wound, over superficial nerve, very old or young, cognitive changes
Cryotherapy contraindications:
cold hypersensitivity, cold intolerance, cryoglobulinemia, peripheral vascular disease, impaired temperature sensation, Raynauds, paroxysa cold hemoglobinuria, over regenerating nerves
Cold pack temperatures:
0-10F
10-20 mins
Contrast bath time:
Warm water for 4 mins
Cold water for 1 min
Contrast bath hot temp:
100-111 F
Contrast bath cold temp:
55-65 F
Contrast bath indications:
conditions requiring stimulation of peripheral circulation in limbs, peripheral vascular disease, sprains, strains, trauma
Contrast bath contraindications:
advanced arteriosclerosis, arterial insufficiency, loss of sensation to heat and cold
When is pulsed US applied?
for nonthermal effects
US contraindications:
malignant tumor pregnancy CNS tissue joint cement plastic components pacemaker thrombophelbitis eyes reproductive organs
US precautions
acute inflammation
epiphyseal plates
fractures
breast implants
US frequency for deep tissue:
1MHz
US frequency for superficial tissue (1-2cm deep):
3 MHz
Duty cycle to increase temperature:
100%
Duty cycle for non thermal effects:
20% of lower
US indications:
pain, increase soft tissue extensibility or eliminate soft-tissue inflammation, accelerate rate of tissue healing, reduce or eliminate muscle spasms
US treatment intensity:
0.5-2.5 w/cm2
acute conditions: lower intensity
chronic conditions: higher intensity
Phonophoresis mode:
pulsed 20%
Phonophoresis treatment time:
5-10 mins
0.5–.75 w/cm2
Thermal diathermy goals:
increase joint ROM
pain
increased tissue healing
Nonthermal diathermy goals:
pain
decreased edema
resolution of acute and chronic infections
wound control and soft tissue healing
Thermal diathermy contraindications:
metal, malignancy, over the eyes, testes, epiphyses
Non-thermal diathermy contraindications:
diseased internal organs
metal loops
pace makers, or metal implants
Thermal diathermy precautions:
obesity
near electronic equipment
IUD
Non-thermal diathermy precautions:
pregnancy
skeletal immaturity
Most common diathermy frequency:
27.12 MHz
Traction contraindication:
where motion is contraindicated acute injury or inflammation joint hypermobility or instability peripherizilation of symptoms with traction uncontrolled hypertension
Traction precautions:
claustrophobia, hitial hernia,
vascular compromise, pregnancy, impaired cognition
tumor, osteoporosis, TMJ, RA, disc protrusion
Cervical traction should start at:
8-10 pounds
Cervical traction should not exceed:
30 pounds
Initial treatment time for cervical traction:
5-10 mins and for acute conditions
Disc protrusion cervical weight:
10-15 pounds
7-10% of body weight
Joint distraction cervical weight:
20-30 pounds
When is static traction recommended?
disc protrusions
and when symptoms are aggravated by motion
When is intermittent traction recommended?
disc protrusions
joint distraction
joint mobilization
What should lumbar traction not exceed?
50% of body weight
Lumbar weight during acute phase:
30-40 pounds
start at 30-45 pounds
Lumbar weight for disc protrusion and elongation of soft tissue:
25% of body weight
Lumbar weight for joint distraction:
50 pounds or 50% of body weight
Lumbar treatment time for herniated disc:
5-10 mins
10-30 for other conditions
Goals of electrical stimulation:
pain decrease muscle spasm impaired ROM muscle reeducation disuse atrophy wound healing
Electrical stimulation contraindications:
pacemakers or other electronic devices (insulin pumps)
unstable arrhythmia, epilepsy or seizures
carotid sinus
thrombosis
over eyes, thoracic region, bladder
low back during pregnancy
bleeding, superficial metal implants
Electrical stimulation precautions:
cardiac disease, impaired mentation/sensation
malignant tumors, open wounds
menstruating uterus
hypo or hypertension
Forms form muscle contractions strengthening for large muscles
biphasic symmetrical
Russian
Pulse duration for strengthening for large muscles:
200-350 us
Pulse frequency for strengthening large muscle:
35-80 pps
Current amplitude for strengthening large muscles:
10% MVIC or 50% MVIC
On off time for strengthening large muscles:
6-10 sec on
1:5 ratio
Ramp time for strengthening large muscles:
2 sec
Treatment duration for strengthening large muscles:
10-20 contractions
Treatment frequency for strengthening large muscles:
q 2-3 hours daily
Forms for strengthening small muscles:
biphasic asymmetrical
biphasic symmetrical
Russian
Pulse duration for strengthening small muscles;
150-200 us
Pulse frequency for strengthening small muscles:
35-80 pps
Current amplitude for strengthening small muscles:
10% MVIC or
50% MVIC
On off time for strengthening small muscles:
6-10 sec on
1:5 ratio
Ramp time for strengthening small muscles:
2 seconds
Treatment duration for strengthening small muscles:
10-20 contractions
Treatment frequency for strengthening small muscles:
q 2-3 hours daily
Forms for neuromuscular reeducation:
biphasic symmetrical
Russian
Pulse duration for neuromuscular reeducation:
200-350 us
Pulse frequency for neurmuscular reeducation:
35-50 pps
Current amplitude and on off time for neuromuscular reeducation:
timed with activity
Ramp time for neuromuscular reeducation:
2 sec
Treatment duration for neuromuscular reeducation:
10-20 contractions
Treatment frequency for neuromuscular reeducation:
as need for therapy
Pulse duration for neuromuscular reeducation of small muscles:
150-200us
Forms for reducing spasms
biphasic symmetrical
biphasic asymmetrical (small)
Russian
Pulse duration for reducing spasms
large: 200-350 us
small: 150-200 us
Pulse frequency for reducing spasm:
35-50 pps
Current amplitude for reducing muscle spasm
visible contraction
On Off time for reducing muscle spasm
2-5 second on
1:1
Ramp time for reducing muscle spasm:
1 sec
Treatment for reducing muscle spasm:
10-30 mins
Treatment frequency for reducing muscle spasm:
q 2-3 hours daily
Forms for reducing chronic edema:
Russian
biphasic-both forms (small)
Pulse duration for chronic edema
large 200-350 us
small 150-200 us
Pulse frequency for chronic edema:
35-50 pps
Current amplitude for chronic edema:
visible contraction
On: Off time for chronic edema:
2-5 sec on
1:1
Ramp time for chronic edema
1 sec
Treatment duration for chronic edema:
30 mins
Treatment frequency for chronic edema:
twice daily
Forms for acute pain
mono bi quadri interferential russian
Pulse duration for acute pain
50-80 us
Pulse frequency for acute pain
100-150 pps
Current amplitude for acute pain:
comfortable tingling
Ramp time for acute pain
continuous
Treatment duration for acute pain
up to 24 hours
Treatment frequency for acute pain
prn
Forms for chronic pain:
monophasic
biphasic (both)
Pulse duration for chronic pain
200-300us
Pulse frequency for chronic pain:
2-10 pps
Current amplitude for chronic pain:
visible contraction
On:off time for chronic pain
continuous
Ramp time for chronic pain
continuous
Treatment duration for chronic pain
20-30 mins
Treatment duration for chronic pain:
q 2 hours
Forms for wound healing
monophasic
Where is electrode in Inflammatory phase?
negative at wound
Pulse duration for wound healing:
40-100us
Pulse frequency for wound healing:
60-125 pps
Current amplitude for would healing:
comfortable tingling
On:off time for wound healing:
continuous
Ramp time for wound healing
continuous
Treatment duration for would healing:
45-60 min
Treatment frequency for wound healing
daily
Where is the electrode for healing in proliferative phase?
positive at wound
Form for reducing acute edema
monophasic
Electrode for reducing acute edema
negative at site
Pulse duration for acute edema:
40-100 us
Pulse frequency for acute edema
100-125 pps
Current amplitude for acute edema:
comfortable tingling
On:Off time for acute edema:
continuous
Ramp time for acute edema:
continuous
Treatment duration for acute edema:
20-30 mins
Treatment frequency for acute edema:
one or more times daily
Effleurage
long, slow stroke with minimal drag
Effects of effleurage:
Assists circulation
Decreases muscular tension
Can reduce pain
Application effleurage:
Can be used to assess quality of client’s tissues
With thumbs, finger pads, palms, heels of hand, knuckles and even forearms
Most often used for applying and spreading massage cream
Types of effleurage
superficial
deep
Petrissage:
Kneading manipulations that press and roll the muscles
Effects of petrissage:
Purpose?
Improves health of muscle tissue
Application of petrissage:
Thicker tissues require more pressure
Applied to individual muscles or groups rather than body area
May want to minimize usage because of amount of muscular work required
Variations of Petrissage
deep
wringing
skin rolling
Tapotement or percussion:
Fast, rhythmic stroke (drumming)
Application of tapotement:
Rhythmic, percussive strokes delivered quickly
Keep wrists and hands relaxed to affect deeper tissues without damaging superficial layers
