Pain

Question 1

A alpha neurons

Answer 1

voltage, motor neurons

Question 2

A beta neurons

Answer 2

light, touch, sensory

Question 3

A delta

Answer 3

sharp pain

Question 4

C neurons

Answer 4

aching pain

Question 5

Level I of pain relief:

Answer 5

pain neurons and touch neurons go from periphery to spinal cord (dorsal horn)

Question 6

Level II of pain relief:

Answer 6

wiring in spinal cord where rubbing it where it hurts helps with the pain

Question 7

Level IV of pain relief:

Answer 7

nervous system tissue that can secrete and circuit ligands

can turn on electrical stimulator that can promote release of endorphins

Question 8

Level V of pain relief:

Answer 8

mind, not something that can be stopped through electrical stimulation

Question 9

Pain control approach:

Answer 9

conventional TENS
low rate/acupuncture-like TENS
Burst mode
electroacupuncture

Question 10

What does conventional tens do?

Answer 10

rub it where it hurts. feels buzzy and tingly

Question 11

What does low-rate/acupuncture-like TENS do?

Answer 11

promotes the runner’s high; release of indigenous opiates

Question 12

What does burst mode TENS do?

Answer 12

target large pain neurons to turn off smaller pain neurons

Question 13

What does electroacupuncture do?

Answer 13

uses very small electrobe use for small, low rate and concentrates current

Question 14

What level does TENS do?

Answer 14

focus on level II; dorsal horn of spinal cord and level IV:promote production of pain releasing hormones

Question 15

Rationale of TENS:

Answer 15

depolarize light touch (A-beta) neurons in painful area, inhibit slow pain (C neurons) neurons from same area

Question 16

What is the pulse duration of conventional TENS?

Answer 16

50-80 us

Question 17

What is the pulse type of conventional TENS?

Answer 17

biphasic symmetrical

Question 18

What is the pulse rate of conventional TENS?

Answer 18

100-150 pps

Question 19

What is the pulse amplitude of conventional TENS?

Answer 19

strong, comfortable sensory

Question 20

What does modulation do?

Answer 20

counters adaptation

modulate amplitude and strength

Question 21

What is the rationale of low rate TENS?

Answer 21

enough current to depolarize large diameter pain neurons; promote body wide release of endorphins and turns off dull aching pain pathways
stimulate opioid release

Question 22

Pulse duration of low rate TENS:

Answer 22

200-300 us

Question 23

Pulse rate of low rate TENS

Answer 23

2-10 pps

Question 24

Pulse amplitude of low rate TENS

Answer 24

strong, sharp twitch

Question 25

Does pain relief outlast stimulation?

Answer 25

yes for 4-5 hours

Question 26

Duration of low rate TENS

Answer 26

20-30 mins

Question 27

Where are the electrodes in low rate TENS

Answer 27

over painful areas

Question 28

What kind of pain is TENS used for?

Answer 28

chronic pain

Question 29

What is conventional TENS used for?

Answer 29

acute conditions

Question 30

What does burst mode TENS do?

Answer 30

mimics strong, low rate

Question 31

What is the rationale of burst mode TENS?

Answer 31

burst may be better tolerated than long duration pulse

-more powerful and maybe a better depolarizer of large pain neurons and may relieve pain

Question 32

What is the rate of burst mode?

Answer 32

2 bursts per second

Question 33

Carrier frequency

Answer 33

the unmodulated continuously alternating current that is modulated (transformed) into a therapeutic current

Question 34

Beat frequency

Answer 34

the therapeutic current that is produced by interfering two independent carrier frequencies

Question 35

Burst frequency

Answer 35

the therapeutic current that is produced by bursting one carrier frequency