Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of most therapeutic electrical stimulation?

A

to produce action potentials in intact sensory or motor neurons

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2
Q

How can you deliver current?

A

externally
internally
percutaneously

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3
Q

What is resting potential?

A

difference between outside and inside of the nerve cell

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4
Q

What does a negative electrode do?

A

it is a better depolarizer of axons in the body: draws positive charge away from membrane

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5
Q

Where are action potentials in motor neurons created?

A

proximally in spinal cord and travel distally to muscles they innervate

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6
Q

What is amplitude?

A

strength

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7
Q

What is duration?

A

time

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8
Q

What is DC current used for?

A

iontophoresis

stimulating denervated muscle

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9
Q

What direction does DC current flow?

A

in one direction and continously

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10
Q

What is AC current used for?

A
  • pain control (interferential): beat modulated

- muscle contraction (Russian): burst modulated AC

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11
Q

What are the 3 frequencies of AC?

A

low (10,000 Hz)

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12
Q

What frequency of AC is used?

A

medium; transformed into interferential or Russian

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13
Q

What is pulsed current used for?

A

pain control
muscles contraction
tissue healing

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14
Q

What is monophasic?

A

only above the line, current is delivered only in one direction; one electrode is always negative and one is positive and it does not change

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15
Q

What is monophasic used for?

A

promote tissue healing

manage acute edema

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16
Q

What is biphasic?

A

currents that switch direction in the middle of the pulse (2 directions)

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17
Q

What is biphasic used for?

A

promote pain relief
promote muscle contraction
manage chronic edema

18
Q

Biphasic can be:

A

symmetrical

assymetrical

19
Q

Symmetrical current is:

A

equally strong and equally lone

20
Q

Assymetrical current is:

A

balanced

unbalance

21
Q

Balanced:

A

strength and duration in one direction is equal to the other

22
Q

Unbalanced:

A

strength and duration in one phase in greater than the other

23
Q

Shorter pulse duration for:

A

pain control

tissue healing

24
Q

Longer pulse duration for:

A

muscle contraction

25
Q

Pulse duration

A

entirety of one electrical event

26
Q

Phase duration

A

current flow in one direction

27
Q

On time

A

what period of time the stimulator is on

28
Q

Off time

A

time stimulator lets tissue rest

29
Q

Ramp up

A

stimulator is controlling increase of amplitude from 0 to wherever it is set

30
Q

Ramp down

A

time that passes when stimulator is turning down

31
Q

Short duration pulses for ______ axon?

A

sensory (60-80 usec)

32
Q

Long duration pulses for ____ axon?

A

motor (150-300usec)

33
Q

Very long duration pulse for _____?

A

muscle fiber (>10ms)

34
Q

NMES

A

depolarization of motor neuron

35
Q

EMS

A

depolarization of muscle fiber directly

36
Q

Contraindications for Electrical Current:

A

pacemaker or unstable arrhythmia
over carotid sinus
blood clot
pregnancy

37
Q

Precautions for Electrical Current:

A

cardiac disease
impaired sensation or mentation
malignant tumors
skin irritation or open wounds

38
Q

Adverse effects of electrical currents:

A

burns
skin irritation or inflammation
perception or discomfort

39
Q

Under which of the following conditions would a physical therapist choose to set the “ramp up” time to eight (8) seconds when using NeuroMuscular Electrical Stimulation?

A

when contracting the antagonist to a spastic (hyperreflexive) muscle

40
Q

For which of the following therapeutic objectives would the current commonly called “Russian” be the best choice?

A

strong contraction of the knee extensors

41
Q

Which of the following neurons would be the easiest to depolarize with a biphasic, symmetrical pulsed current that is applied to the surface of the skin with self-adhesive surface electrodes?

A

large diameter and located shallow under skin

42
Q

An asymmetrical biphasic waveform would be the best choice for stimulating contraction of a __________ muscle group because it __________

A

small; concentrates depolarization under one electrode