Surface Anatomy of the Neck

Question 1

What does the carotid sheath carry in it?

Answer 1

• Common Carotid artery
• Internal jugular vein
• Vagus nerve

Question 2

What is contained in the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 2

• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Thyroid gland

Question 3

Name the columns of the neck?

Answer 3

• Visceral column
• 2 Vascular columns
• Neuromusculoskeletal column

Question 4

What do potential spaces allow for?

Answer 4

Movement

Question 5

What are the fascial layers called?

Answer 5

• Investing (superficial) fascia (deep cervical)
• Pretracheal fasia
• Prevertebral fascia
• Carotid sheath (2)

Question 6

What is the buccopharangeal fascia?

Answer 6

The posterior aspect of the visceral pretracheal fascia

Question 7

What is the trapezius muscle contained within?

Answer 7

The investing (superficial) fascia but not the prevertebral fascia

Question 8

What is the retropharangeal space?

Answer 8

Potential space that is filled with loose connective tissue between the superior part and most inferiorly.

Question 9

What is the function of the alar fascia?

Answer 9

Splits the retropharaneal space

Question 10

What potential space can spread infection into the mediastinum?

Answer 10

Retropharangeal space

Question 11

What are the borders of the posterior triangle?

Answer 11

• Anterior - posterior border of the SCM
• Posterior - anterior border of the trapezius muscle
• Inferior - middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 12

What are the borders of the anterior triangle?

Answer 12

• Superiorly - inferior border of the mandible
• Laterally - anterior border of SCM
• Medially - sagittal line down the midline of the neck

Question 13

What is the laryngeal prominance colloquially known as?

Answer 13

The Adam’s apple

Question 14

What is the function of the styloid process?

Answer 14

Serves as an anchor point for several muscles of the toungue and larynx

Question 15

Where is the retropharnageal space?

Answer 15

• Base of the skull down to the diaphragm

- Between the buccopharangeal space anteriorly and alar fascia posteriorly

Question 16

What is the brachiocephalic trunk anteriorly covered by?

Answer 16

Right sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

Question 17

Name the arteries which come off of the subclavian?

Answer 17

• Vertebral artery
• Thyrocervical trunk
• Internal thoracic artery
• Costocervical trunk
• Dorsal scapular artery
• Becomes axillary artery

Question 18

How can the subclavian artery be divided?

Answer 18

Into 3 parts based on either being before, behind or after the anterior scalene muscle

Question 19

Where dies the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 19

The superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 20

What does the carotid sinus detect?

Answer 20

Changes in arterial blood pressure

Question 21

What does the carotid body detect?

Answer 21

Monitors partial pressure of CO2

Question 22

What nerves innervate the carotid body

Answer 22

• Mainly glossopharyngeal (becomes carotid sinus nerve)

- Vagus nerve

Question 23

What does the intracranial artery supply?

Answer 23

Intracranial structures

Question 24

What are all the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 24

• Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
• Superior thyroid artery
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Lingual artery
• Fascial artery
• Occipital artery
• Posterior auricular artery
• Maxillary artery
• Superficial temporal artery

Question 25

What does the sigmoid sinus pass through to become the internal jugular vein?

Answer 25

The jugular foramen

Question 26

What is the cranium drained by?

Answer 26

The dural venous sinuses - superior sagittal sinus - inferior sagittal sinus - sinus rectus

Question 27

Where does the internal jugular vein lie in realtion to the common carotid artery?

Answer 27

Initially lies posterior to the internal carotid artery, moves laterally then anterior.

Question 28

What can central venous access cause when there are complications?

Answer 28

- Pneumothorax - Puncture of subclavian artery - Nerve injury - Air embolism

Question 29

What can central venous access used for clinically?

Answer 29

- Measurement of central venous pressure | - Administration of fluids, medications

Question 30

What vessel is most commonly used in central venous catheterisation

Answer 30

- Internal jugular vein | - Sometimes subclavian

Question 31

What is the external jugular vein formed by?

Answer 31

- Posterior division of the retromandibular vein | - Posterior auricular vein

Question 32

Where does the external jugular vein run from?

Answer 32

Descends from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle

Question 33

What does the external jugular vein drain?

Answer 33

Most of the scalp and side of the face

Question 34

What does the anterior jugular vein drain into?

Answer 34

External jugular or subclavian

Question 35

Where is the anterior jugular vein located?

Answer 35

Inferior to the hyoid bone

Question 36

What do anterior jugular veins of both sides join to create?

Answer 36

The jugular venous arch

Question 37

What is erb's plexus?

Answer 37

Where 4 cutaneous branches become superficial in the neck: - Lesser occipital - Great auricular - Transverse cervical - Supraclavicular