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Anatomy 3001 > Nerves of the thorax > Flashcards

Nerves of the thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Which tissues are supplied by sympathetics only?

A
  • Certain blood vessels
  • erector pili muscles
  • sweat glands
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2
Q

What neuron is myelinated?

A

The preganglionic neuron

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3
Q

What neuron is unmyelinated?

A

The postganglionic neuron

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4
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

The jugular foramen

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5
Q

Where does the vagus nerve lie when descending down the neck?

A

Between the internal jugular vein and the internal (then common) carotid artery

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6
Q

What vessels does the right vagus nerve lie between when entering the thoracic cavity?

A

The right subclavian artery and the brachiocephalic vein

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7
Q

What vessels does the left vagus nerve lie between when entering the thoracic cavity?

A

Posterior to the left brachiocephalic vein, between the subclavian and common carotid arteries.

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8
Q

What nerve does the (left and right) recurrent laryngeal nerve come off of?

A

The Vagus nerve (left and right)

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9
Q

What vessel does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve wind around?

A

The right subclavian artery (then ascends towards the larynx)

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10
Q

What vessel does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wind around?

A

The aortic arch (just posterolateral to the ligamentum arteriosum)

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11
Q

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate?

A
  • Intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except 1)
  • Middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
  • Sensory to the laryngeal cavity below the level of the vocal folds
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12
Q

What levels are the lateral horns located in on the spinal cord

A

T1 -L2

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13
Q

Where is the sympathetic trunk located?

A
  • Anterior to the neck of the ribs (lateral aspect of vertebral bodies)
  • Covered by the parietal pleura
  • Extends from the atlas to the cocyx
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14
Q

What is the name of the ganglion adjacent to the C1 - 4 vertebra?

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion

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15
Q

What is the name of the region where the left and right sympathetic trunks fuse?

A

The ganglion impar

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16
Q

At what levels is the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia found?

A

C1 - 4

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17
Q

At what levels is the middle cervical sympathetic ganglia found?

A

C5 - 6

18
Q

At what levels is the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia found?

A

C7 - 8

19
Q

What is the name of the inferior cervical + T1 ganglia called?

A

Stellate ganglion (cervicothoracic)

20
Q

What colour are unmyelinated axons?

A

Grey

21
Q

What colour are myelinated axons?

A

White

22
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves called that supply the abdominal viscera?

A

Splanchnic nerves

23
Q

What are the thoracic splanchnic nerves called?

A
  • Greater splanchnic nerve
  • Lesser splanchnic nerve
  • Least splanchnic nerve
24
Q

What are the splanchnic nerves called?

A
  • Thoracic splanchnic nerve (greater, lesser, least)
  • Lumbar splanchnic nerve
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerve
25
Q

What vertebrae do the sympathetics of the head come from?

A

T1- T3

26
Q

What vertebrae do the sympathetics of the upper limb come from?

A

T4 - T6

27
Q

What vertebrae do the sympathetics of the thoracic and abdominal walls come from?

A

T1 - T-12

28
Q

What vertebrae do the sympathetics of the lower limb come from?

A

T12 - L2

29
Q

What are the visceral plexuses called in the thorax?

A
  • Cardiac plexus
  • Pulmonary plexus
  • Oesophageal plexus
30
Q

Where is the cardiac plexus located?

A

Anterior to the bifurication of the trachea and posterior to the descending aorta

31
Q

Where is the pulmonary plexus located?

A

Anterior and (mainly) posterior to the roots of the lungs

32
Q

What nerves are contained in the cardiac plexus?

A
  • Sympathetics from T1 - 5 ganglia + inferior and middle cervical ganglia
  • Parasympathetics from vagus
33
Q

What nerves are contained in the pulmonary plexus?

A
  • Sympathetics from T2 - 4 ganglia

- Parasympathetics from vagus

34
Q

Where do intercostal nerves originate from?

A

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

35
Q

What is contained within the intercostal nerves?

A
  • Motor branches to the intercostal and abdominal wall muscles
  • Visceromotor branches to vessels
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
  • Anterior cutaneous branch
36
Q

What kind of tumour can affect the sympathetic trunk or stellate ganglia?

A
  • Pancoast’s tumour

Tumour at the apex of the lung

37
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome

A
  • often a result of pancoast’s tumour
  • Results in:
  • Ptosis (drooping) of the upper eyelid
  • Pupillary constriction (miosis)
  • Anhydrosis (lack of sweating)
  • Flushing of the face
38
Q

The nerves of what vertebra lead into the gretaer spanchnic nerve?

A

T5 - 9

39
Q

The nerves of what vertebra lead into the lesser spanchnic nerve?

A

T10 - 11

40
Q

The nerves of what vertebra lead into the least spanchnic nerve?

A

T12

Anatomy 3001 (14 decks)

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