Surface Anatomy Of The Human Body Part 1 Flashcards
Define surface anatomy?
Is the study of exterior anatomical landmarks inorder to outline the organ and it’s
internal structures
Describe anatomical position?
Is the state of the body where the body stands erect, upper limbs on the sides and the palms are faced forward so are the feet and eyes, all facing the observer
What are activities involve I’m surface anatomy?
Visualisation: involve a selective looking in a purposeful manner to see a specific part of the body.
Palpation: means use sense of touch to determine the location of an internal part of the body
Explain all the 4 body planes.
Median sagittal plane - it’s a vertical plane that divides the body into 2 equal parts.
Para sagittal plane - a vertical plane parallel to the median sagittal plane and it divides the body into unequal sides left and right.
Coronal plane- a vertical plane perpendicular to the median sagittal plane, divides the body into 2 parts, the posterior part and the anterior part.
Transverse plane - horizontal plane, perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Divides the body into inferior and posterior parts.
Name the 2 divisions of the head.
Cranium made up of meninges, blood vessels and intracranial contents
The face
List down the bones that make up the face.
Maxilla, mandible, lacrimal nasal, zygomatic
Bones that make up the cranium.
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bone.
Explain the regions of the cranium and face.
Frontal region - forms the front of the skull, made of frontal bone.
Parietal region- forms the crown of the skull , made of parietal bones.
Temporal region - forms the side of the skull, made of temporal bones.
Occipital region - forms the base of the skull, made of occipital bone.
Ocular region- region of the eyes, eyebrow and eyelid.
Oral region - region of the mouth. Made of mandible
Nasal region - region of the nose, made of nasal bones, maxilla, ethmoid,
Mental region - anterior portion of the mandible.
Infraorbital region - a region inferior to the orbit,
Auricular region -region of the external ear.
Buccal region - area of the cheek, made of zygomatic bone
Explain the important landmarks of the head.
Nasion - a depression at the root of the nose.
Grabella- area between the eyelids.
External occipital protuberance-
A protrusion at the back of the head in the midline.
Inner canthus- medial angle of the eye.
Outer canthus- lateral angle of the eye.
Orbitomeatal line- it’s line that passes between the outer canthus and the external auditory meatus aka ( radiological base)
Sellar turcica -lies 2.5 cm above the external auditory meatus
Nasal bones- palpable in the nose region.
Mandible- palpable also
Symphysis menti- midpoint of the base of the mandible.
Zygomatic bone - bones aka malar prominences, are prominences of the cheeks.
zygomatic arc- transverse process formed by the zygomatic process and the temporal bones. Also palpable.
Explain the anatomy of the neck.
The neck lies between the base of the skull and the upper opening of the thoracic cavity.
Explain the landmarks of the neck.
Hyoid bone - lies on the 3rd cervical spine
Vertebral prominence- lies on the 7th cervical spine or vertebral
Suprasternal notch- lies between the medial ends of the clavicles . Between the 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae.
Notch of the thyroid cartilage - lies between the 4th cervical spine.
Cricoid cartilage of the larynx - lies on the 6th cervical spine and is continuous with the trachea.
Carotid bifurcation - lies on 4th cervical spine.
What are some of the Important structures in the neck?
Posteriorly : the 7 cervical vertebrae.
Anterior to cervical vertebrae: the larynx, esophagus and thyroid glands on both sides
