Axial skeleton

Question 1

Skull

Answer 1

Bones of the head

Question 2

How many bones make up the calvarium.

Answer 2

• 8 bones.
  ==1 Frontal bone , 2 Parietal bones, 2
  Temporal bones, 1 Occipital bone, 1 sphenoid bone, 1
  ethmoid bone

Question 2

How many bones make up the facial skeleton.

Answer 2

• 14 bones
• 2 zygomatic bones
• 2 maxillae
• 2 nasal bones
• 2 lacrimal bones
• 1 vomer
• 2 palatine bones
• 2 inferior nasal conchae
• 1 mandible

Question 2

Divisions of the skull

Answer 2

• Calvarium
• Facial skeleton.

Question 2

Bregma

Answer 2

The junction of coronal suture and sagittal suture

Question 2

Coronal suture.

Answer 2

Joins the frontal bone with the right and left
parietal bones,

Question 2

Sutures of the skull

Answer 2

• Coronal suture
• Sagittal suture
• Lambdoid suture
• Squamous suture

Question 3

Lambdoid suture

Answer 3

posteriorly joins the right and left parietal
bones with the occipital bone

Question 3

Sagittal suture.

Answer 3

joins the two parietal bones

Question 3

The base

Answer 3

Orbital opening onto the face.

Question 4

Squamous suture

Answer 4

cranial suture that connects the temporal and parietal bones of the skull.

Question 4

Lambda

Answer 4

the junction of sagittal suture and
lambdoid suture is lambda

Question 5

Parts of the orbit

Answer 5

• Base
• Apex
• Floor
• Lateral and medial walls

Question 6

bones that form the roof of the orbit

Answer 6

• Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
• Frontal bone

Question 7

Bones that form the medial wall of the orbit.

Answer 7

• Process of maxilla
• Lacrimal one
• Orbital plate of ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 8

Bones that form the lateral wall of the orbit.

Answer 8

Greater wing of sphenoid bone.

Question 9

In lateral view of the skull the following are noted.

Answer 9

• Anteriorly, the frontal bone articulates at its posterior
  border with the parietal bone at the coronal suture.
• Parietal bone articulates with occipital bone posteriorly
  at lambdoid suture and inferiorly with the temporal
  bone.
• The squamous portion of the temporal bone forms side
  of the vault of the skull.
• Posterior to zygomatic process is the external auditory
  meatus.
• Mastoid part of the temporal bone projects downwards
  forming mastoid process.
• Inferior to frontal bone anteriorly there are zygomatic
  bone, maxilla and mandible.

Question 10

Three divisions of the base of the skull.

Answer 10

• Anterior part
• Medial part
• Posterior part

Question 11

Anterior part

Answer 11

• found at a lower level than the rest of
  the base.
• Extends from the front teeth to the posterior margin of
  the hard palate.
• It is formed by the hard palate and the alveolar process
  of the maxillae

Question 12

Middle/medial part

Answer 12

Starts from the posterior margin of the hard palate to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum.
* The vomer – is in the midline anteriorly
* Basal part of the sphenoid bone – a wider bar of bone
extending backwards to the anterior margin of the foramen
magnum
* Pterygoid process of sphenoid bone – found posteriorly to the
alveolar process and protrudes downwards from greater wing
of sphenoid.
* Infratemporal fossa – is found lateral to the pterygoid process.
* Squamous part of the temporal bone, forms the rest of the infratemporal roof.

Question 13

Posterior part

Answer 13

Lies behind the anterior margin of the
foramen magnum.

structures found; Foramen magnum, occipital condyles, hypoglossal canal,
stylomastoid foramen, mastoid process, external occipital crest.

Question 14

The divisions of the interior base of the skull.

Answer 14

• The anterior cranial fossa
• The middle cranial fossa.
• The posterior cranial fossa

Question 15

Bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa.

Answer 15

• Formed almost entirely by the frontal bone.
• Lesser wings of the sphenoid form the posterior edges.
• Cribriform plate forms a small part in the midline.

Question 16

The anterior cranial fossa.

Answer 16

– It lies at a higher level than the middle cranial fossa.
– In the midline of the anterior cranial fossa is a sharp raised projection
of the bone called crista galli of the ethmoid bone.

Question 17

The middle cranial fossa.

Answer 17

• Has a central raised portion formed by
  the body of the sphenoid extending from the optic groove
  anteriorly to the dorsum sallae posteriorly.
• Behind the optic groove there is a hollow called sella turcica
  which contains the pituitary gland.
• And the posterior wall of the sella turcica is formed by the
  dorsum sellae.

Question 18

The posterior cranial fossa.

Answer 18

– In the floor midline is the foramen magnum which narrows
on either side by the occipital condyles.
– Posteriorly there is a bulge which corresponds with the
external protuberance on the outside skull

Question 19

nasal cavity

Answer 19

irregularly-shaped cavity lying
above the floor of the mouth and below the anterior
cranial fossa

Question 20

What structure divides the nasal cavity,

Answer 20

nasal septum

Question 21

Bones that make up the nasal septum.

Answer 21

• Vomer bone
• Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.

Question 22

Divisions of the nasal cavity.

Answer 22

• Roof, floor, lateral and
  medial walls

Question 23

Roof of nasal cavity.

Answer 23

• Central portion formed by cribriform plate of ethmoid.
• Anterior part formed by nasal bones.
• Posterior formed by body of sphenoid.

Question 24

The floor of the nasal cavity.

Answer 24

• formed by the upper surface of the hard palate which
  separates the nasal cavity from the mouth.

Question 25

The medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Answer 25

• Formed by the bony septum

Question 26

Lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Answer 26

• Is irregular due to the presence of the 3 nasal conchae.