Surface Anatomy Of The Body Part 2

Question 1

Describe the surface landmarks of the thorax.

Answer 1

Upper border of Manubrium sterni- found between the 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae.

Sternal angle- found on the 4tg level of the thoracic vertebrae.
Found between Manubrium sterni and body of sternum.

Xiphisternal junction - a point of meeting between the body of the sternum and xiphoid process. Found on 9th level of the thoracic vertebrae.

Posterior inferior angle of scapula- lies on the 8th thoracic vertebrae.

Question 2

Describe the boundaries of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 2

• thoracic inlet
• diaphragm
• sternum
• mediastinum
• ribs

Question 3

What are the 3 main parts of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 3

1. Right pleural cavity
2. Left pleural cavity
3. Mediastinum

Question 4

explain the mediastinum in brief.

Answer 4

Is the central compartment with the thoracic cavity, it house the heart and some important organs.

Question 5

Thoracic inlet

Answer 5

The boundary between the neck and thoracic cavity

Question 6

Parts of mediastinum

Answer 6

Superior mediastinum
Inferior mediastinum

Question 7

What separates the 2 parts of the mediastinum

Answer 7

A line joining Manubriosternal joint and the 4th intercoastal space.

Question 8

What are some landmarks of the heart

Answer 8

Apex of the heart; lies in 5th intercoastal space 9cm from the midline

Left border; extends upwards from the apex and ends in the 2nd cartilage

Right border; a gentle curve 1 cm from the midline, lies 3rd and 6th coastal cartilage

Question 9

Surface landmarks of the lungs and pleura

Answer 9

On the anterior margin (the left side) extend from the upper manubrium sterni to the 4th coastal cartilage.

the cervix apex extends 3 cm above the clavicle on the midclavicular line(both side)

On the right anterior margin it extends from the superior mabrium sterni to xiphisternal joint.

On the inferior margin, it extends from the xiphisternal joint to the 8th rib crossing the midclavicular

Question 10

landmarks of the abdomen

Answer 10

the junction between the sternum and the xiphisternum lies at 9th coastal cartilage.

the upper surfaces of the iliac crests, lies at the 5th lumbar vertebrae.

umbilicus, 4th lumbar vertebrae, though not constant.

Question 11

planes of the abnomen.

Answer 11

subcostal plane, it’s a horizontal line drawn at the base of the 10th rib and passes through the 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

transpyloric plane, o horizontal line drawn at the 1st lumbar vertebrae across the 9th coastal cartilage.

transtubecular plane, a horizontal line drawn on the upper surfaces of the iliac crests, passes through the 5th lumbar vertebrae.

Question 12

regions of the abnomen

Answer 12

epigastric region
right and left hypochondriac region.
left and right lumbar region.
right and left iliac regions.
umbilical region.
hypogastric region.

Question 13

Boundaries of the thoracic cavity

Answer 13

Thoracic inlet
Mediastinum
Diaphragm