SUPREME COURT - Key Cases Flashcards
SUPREME COURT KEY CASES
SUPREME COURT KEY CASES
What two cases established the power of judicial review?
- ‘Marbury v Madison’ - 1803
- ‘Fletcher v Peck’ - 1810
What did the Supreme Court’s ruling in the ‘Texas v US’ case in 2016 overturn?
Obama’s DAPA executive order
In what Supreme Court case was the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act ruled unconstitutional?
‘United States v Windsor’ - 2013
Why did the Court rule that the 1996 DOMA was unconstitutional in the ‘United States v Windsor’ case?
It violated the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that the 2006 Military Commissions Act was unconstitutional?
‘Boumediene v Bush’ - 2008
When was the Citizens United v FEC case decided?
2010
What was the decision in the Citizens United case?
5-4 in favour of Citizens United
What did the Court rule in Citizens United that the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act 2002 violated?
The First Amendment - Right to Free Speech
What previous case was overturned in the ‘Citizens United v FEC’ ruling?
‘McConnell v FEC’ - 2003
What did Associate Justice John Paul Stevens write in his dissent in Citizens United v FEC?
That the Court ruling rejected the common sense of the American people, who have recognizes a need to prevent corporations from undermining self government
What did Obama say about the ruling in Citizens United v FEC?
That it gave lobbyists more power in Washington
What did the ruling in Citizens United v FEC allow for the development of?
Super-PACs
In what Supreme Court case did the Supreme Court uphold Obamacare?
‘NFIB v Sebelius’ - 2011
How did the Supreme Court uphold the key principles of Obamacare in ‘King v Burwell’ in 2015?
They ruled that the subsidies for healthcare can be given to those enrolled in state healthcare or federal healthcare exchanges
How much would have federal subsidies for healthcare been reduced if the Court had not ruled in favour of Obamacare in ‘King v Burwell’?
$29 billion
How did the Supreme Court undermine Obama’s environmental policy in ‘Michigan v Environmental Protection Agency’ in 2015?
The Court ruled that the EPA must consider whether costs for clean air were justified
What case did the Supreme Court refuse to hear in 2018 which effectively shaped public policy in regards to abortion?
‘Planned Parenthood of Arkansas v Jegley’ - would have challenged Arkansas’ strict regulation of medically-induced abortion
How did the Supreme Court uphold the 1st Amendment in the ‘Burwell v Hobby Lobby Stores’ case in 2014?
The Court ruled that Obamacare cannot require emmployers to provide insurance cover for birth control if it conflicts with their religious beliefs
In what Supreme Court case in 2011 was the 1st Amendment upheld in regards to the free speech of the Westboro Baptist Church?
‘Snyder v Phelps’ - 2011
Who was the only Supreme Court justice to dissent in the ruling on ‘Snyder v Phelps’ case regarding the 1st Amendment?
Samuel Alito - said free speech didn’t allow for verbal assault
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that there is a right to individual gun ownership without connection to a militia?
‘D.C. v Heller’ - 2008
What else did the Supreme Court say in the ‘D.C. v Heller’ case of 2008?
That the 2nd Amendment didn’t allow for the ability to have a gun wherever for any reason
In what 2018 case did the Supreme Court uphold the 4th Amendment by ruling that acquiring cell phone location data amounted to a 4th Amendment search?
‘Carpenter v U.S.’ - 2018
What is the 5th Amendment?
The right to remain silent
What did the Court rule in ‘Berghuis v Thompkins’ in 2010 regarding the 5th Amendment?
That a suspect simply remaining silent in an interrogation does not invoke their 5th Amendment right to silence
What did the Court ruling in ‘Berghuis v Thompkins’ case challenge?
The ruling in the 1966 ‘Miranda v Arizona’ case - where Miranda rights come from
In what case did the Supreme Court rule 5-3 that Texas law requirements on abortion centres were unconstitutional?
‘Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt’ - 2016
In what case did the Supreme Court allow same-sex marriage in all 50 states?
Obergefell v Hodges - 2015
In how many states was gay marriage illegal before the ruling on Obergefell v Hodges?
13
What in the Constitution meant the Supreme Court ruled in favour of allowing gay marriage?
The Due Process and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
What Supreme Court ruling was overturned by the 16th Amendment in 1913?
‘Pollock v Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co.’ - 1895
Parts of what act were struck down by the Court in 2018?
The Voting Rights Act 1965
What 2014 case reduced the use of affirmative action?
‘Schuette v Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action’
How did the ‘Schuette v Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action’ affect the use of affirmative action?
The Court ruled that the ban on affirmative action in the Michigan state constitution was not unconstitutional
What 2 cases in 2013 and 2016 respectively ruled that the University of Texas was allowed to consider race in admissions, although it had to be ‘necessary’ with ‘strict scrutiny’?
-‘Fisher v University of Texas’ - Two cases in 2013 and 2016
What executive orders did Obama issue in 2012 and 2014 regarding immigration and how many undocumented immigrants were protected from deportation?
- DACA 2012
- DAPA 2014
- 11 million protected from deportation
What did the Supreme Court rule in the ‘Trump v Hawaii’ case of 2018?
That Trump’s travel ban was not unconstitutional and fell within the remit of executive power
In what 2022 case did the Supreme Court rule that people in the United States did not have a constitutional right to an abortion?
‘Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization’
What 2 previous cases were overturned with the decision in ‘Dobbs v Jackson’?
- Roe v Wade - 1973
- Planned Parenthood v Casey - 1992
In what 2020 case did the Supreme Court rule that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964 protected employees against discrimination because they are gay or transgender?
‘Bostock v Clayton County’ - 2020
What did the Supreme Court rule in the ‘Kennedy v Bremerton School District’ case 2022?
Ruled 6-3 that the government, while following the Establishment Clause, may not suppress an individual from engaging in personal religious observance
In what 2023 case did John Roberts and Brett Kavanaugh join the Liberals in ruling that Alabama’s congressional districts violated the 1965 Voting Rights Act as it discriminated against African American voters?
Allen v Milligan 2023
