Supply chain Flashcards
What is procurement?
The process of obtaining supplies.
In the context of pharmaceuticals, it involves various actors like manufacturers, authorities, and health facilities.
What are the strategic objectives of good pharmaceutical procurement?
To secure value for money for both the State and the patient while ensuring security of supply.
List the main objectives of a medicine distribution system.
- Ensure availability of medicines
- Maintain quality
- Optimize costs
- Ensure timely delivery
What are the basic principles of stock management?
To be identified during the procurement process.
What are the components of an effective procurement process?
- RIGHT MEDICINES
- RIGHT QUALITY
- RIGHT QUANTITIES
- RIGHT PLACE
- RIGHT TIME
- RIGHT CONDITION
- RIGHT COST
What are the phases of the medicine supply cycle?
- Selection
- Procurement
- Quantification
- Distribution
- Storage
What is the morbidity-based method of quantification?
Begins with data about diseases and their frequency in the population.
What is the consumption-based method of quantification?
Begins with data about past use or consumption of medicines.
How does NMSF calculate the quantity of each medicine needed?
- Average consumption per month (A)
- Current Stock (B)
- Safety (buffer) Stock (C)
- Lead-time stock (D)
- Re-order Level (E)
- Order Quantity (F)
- Quantity to be Ordered (G)
What are symptoms of poor quantification?
- Shortages
- Inequity of supply
- Inadequate cost-effectiveness
- Irrational ineffective prescribing
- Tied-up funds
- Warehousing costs
- Expiration of medicines
What are the types of purchasing strategies?
- Tender
- Direct Request for Quotations
- Open
- Closed
- Fixed Price
- Negotiated
What major factors influence the choice of purchase method?
- Cost of the item
- Urgency of supplies
- Nature of the organization
What documents are required for procurement?
- Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (CPP)
- Certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
- Free Sale Certificate
- Certificate of Analysis
What leads to poor inventory management?
- Waste of financial resources
- Shortages of essential medicines
- Decrease in quality of patient care
What are the elements of an effective distribution system?
- Adequate storage facilities
- Good communication systems
- Effective delivery systems
- Accountability and security systems
What are the three types of distribution systems?
- Push system
- Pull system
- Hybrid system
What is the Emergency Medical Kit System?
A Push system based on the essential medicines concept.
What features characterize a well-run medicine store?
- Goods kept safe and tidy
- New stock issued after older stock
- Useless stock cleared for disposal
What does stock taking help to determine?
- Missing stock
- Damaged stock
- Expired medicines
- Overstocking or understocking
What data must a Logistic Management Information System (LMIS) include?
- Stock on hand
- Stock in pipeline
- Stock at health facilities
- Wastage rates
What are the key aspects of quality assurance in pharmaceuticals?
- Compliance with regulatory requirements
- Maintaining appropriate records
- Correct storage and transport conditions
