Lec 1 ED Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of emergency medicine?

A

Emergency medicine is the medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of unforeseen illness or injury/trauma.

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2
Q

What is included in the practice of emergency medicine?

A

The practice includes initial evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, coordination of care, and disposition of any patient requiring expeditious medical, surgical, or trauma care.

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3
Q

Where can emergency medicine be practiced?

A

Emergency medicine may be practiced in various settings such as hospital-based and freestanding emergency departments, urgent care clinics, observation medicine units, ambulance services, and disaster sites.

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4
Q

What is the role of pharmacists in the emergency department (ED)?

A

Pharmacists provide care through direct bedside clinical activities and indirect patient care initiatives to ensure safe and effective medication therapy management.

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5
Q

What are vital signs?

A

Vital signs include heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and temperature.

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6
Q

What are the four main components of blood?

A
  • Plasma
  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets
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7
Q

What is plasma?

A

Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains albumin, immunoglobulin, coagulation factors, and other proteins.

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8
Q

What is serum?

A

Serum is the fluid found in plasma, minus the clotting factors.

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9
Q

What does the term ‘normal range’ refer to in laboratory tests?

A

Normal range is defined by a healthy population and varies widely within age groups, weight groups, sex, and feeding status.

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10
Q

What is the Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?

A

BMP analyzes sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, BUN, and glucose to provide insights into serum electrolytes, acid-base status, renal function, and metabolic state.

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11
Q

What does therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aim to achieve?

A

TDM aims to optimize dosing to target a therapeutic plasma drug concentration while minimizing toxicity.

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12
Q

What is the difference between peak level and trough level in drug levels?

A
  • Peak level: highest concentration detected between doses
  • Trough level: lowest level detected prior to next dose
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13
Q

What are some roles of pharmacists in the emergency department?

A
  • Provide pharmacotherapeutic recommendations
  • Onsite drug information expert
  • Assist during resuscitation
  • Medication procurement and preparation
  • Medication history and reconciliation
  • Ensure medication safety
  • Performance and quality improvement
  • Emergency preparedness and disaster management
  • Education and research
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14
Q

What is the purpose of medication reconciliation?

A

The purpose is to create the most accurate list of medications, including drug name, dosage, frequency, and route, against the physician’s admission, transfer, and/or discharge.

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15
Q

True or False: Symptoms are measurable and reproducible manifestations of disease.

A

False

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16
Q

What are examples of clinical signs?

A
  • Skin rash
  • Ascites
  • Bleeding
  • Bruising
  • Swelling
  • Temperature
  • Blood pressure
  • Cough
17
Q

What factors can influence drug levels?

A
  • Compliance
  • Interaction
  • Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic factors
  • Clinical condition
  • Timing of sample collection
18
Q

What is the importance of magnesium and phosphate in blood chemistry?

A

They are important electrolytes that can cause problems in managing other electrolytes if not assessed appropriately.

19
Q

What is the critical care panel in blood gas analysis?

A
  • ABG/VBG (arterial or venous blood gas)
  • pCO2
  • pO2
  • pH
  • HCO3
  • Ionized Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • BMP
20
Q

What does the Complete Metabolic Panel (CMP) include?

A
  • Albumin
  • Total protein
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  • Triglycerides
  • Uric acid
  • Iron
  • Lactate dehydrogenase
  • Aspartate aminotransferase
  • Alanine aminotransferase
21
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the medical specialty dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of unforeseen illness or injury.

A

[emergency medicine]

22
Q

What are some common uses for therapeutic drug monitoring?

A
  • Infectious diseases: aminoglycosides, vancomycin
  • Pulmonology: aminophylline, theophylline
  • Cardiology: lidocaine, digoxin
  • Neurology: carbamazepine, phenytoin
23
Q

What should EMPs ensure regarding medication information?

A

EMPs should ensure access to appropriate primary, secondary, and tertiary references to respond to medication information requests.

24
Q

What is the role of EMPs during resuscitation in the ED?

A

EMPs assist with differential diagnosis, ensure appropriate medication selection and dose, answer medication information questions, and prepare medications for administration.

25
Q

What role can EMPs take on to impact patient care?

A

Participating or taking on a leadership role in institutional committees and performance improvement initiatives

EMPs refers to Emergency Medicine Pharmacists.

26
Q

What areas are EMPs well suited for in emergency preparedness?

A

Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, biological exposures, radiological exposures, chemical exposures, mass casualty incidents (MCIs), acts of terrorism, war

EMPs utilize their expertise in pharmacology and toxicology.

27
Q

In what educational capacities should EMPs be involved?

A

Education of pharmacy staff, pharmacists, students, healthcare professionals, residents, nurses

EMPs play a broad role in education as mentioned in many guidelines.

28
Q

What roles should EMPs assume in research and professional development?

A

EM-based research, scholarly activity, service, leadership, defining future roles for EMPs

This emphasizes the importance of continuous professional growth.

29
Q

What integral part do pharmacists play in emergency medicine?

A

Pharmacists play an integral part in emergency medicine

This highlights the pharmacist’s crucial role in emergency situations.

30
Q

What qualities should a pharmacist possess in emergency situations?

A

Knowledgeable, confident, honest, trustworthy

These traits are essential for effective patient care.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: Pharmacists must be prepared to assist in _______ situations.

A

[emergency]

32
Q

True or False: EMPs are involved in interdisciplinary education and research.

A

True

EMPs have a variable and broad role in education.