Supplemental Oxygen Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Basic Three Components of most oxygen systems?
A
- Storage Systems (Containers)
- A Delivery System
- Mask or Nasal Cannula
2
Q
What are the three different oxygen Delivery Systems?
A
- Continuous Flow
- Diluter Demand
- Pressure Demand
3
Q
What are the different types of oxygen masks and cannulas?
A
- Nasal Cannulas
- Oral-Nasal Re-breather
- Quick - Don Mask
- Airline Drop-down masks (Dixie Cups)
4
Q
What are the four different types of storage systems?
A
- Gaseous Aviators Breathing Oxygen (ABO)
- Liquid Aviators Breathing Oxygen (LOX)
- Sodium Chlorate candles (solid-state oxygen)
- Molecular Sieve oxygen generators (MSOG)
5
Q
What is a continuous flow oxygen delivery system?
A
- Delivers a continuous flow of oxygen from storage container
- doesn’t need masks or regulators to function
- very wasteful - oxygen flows whether you are inhaling or not
- typically used at 28,000’ feet and lower
6
Q
What is a diluted demand oxygen delivery system?
A
- Typically used up to 40,000’
- designed to compensate for the shortcomings of the continuous flow
- gives user oxygen on demand and stops when exhaling
- the incoming oxygen is diluted with the cabin air and provides proper percentage of oxygen depending on altitude.
7
Q
What is a pressure demand oxygen delivery system?
A
- system provides oxygen under positive pressure
- positive pressure is a forceful oxygen flow that slightly over inflates the lungs
- in a sense, this will pressurize the lungs to a lower altitude
- which allows you to fly at altitudes above 40,000’, where 100% oxygen without positive pressure is insufficient
8
Q
What are Nasal Cannulas?
A
- they are continuous flow devices
- they are restricted by the FAA up to 18,000’ service altitude
- because of the risk of reducing blood oxygen saturation levels if one breaths through the mouth
9
Q
What are Oral-Nasal re-breather?
A
- most common and least expensive mask
- simplest to use; has an external plastic rebreather bag that inflates every time you exhale
- the purpose is to store exhaled air, so that it may be mixed with 100% oxygen from system
- they supply adequate oxygen to keep user physiologically safe up to 25,000’
10
Q
What are quick-don masks?
A
- they have the ability to be donned with one hand in 5 seconds or less
- they are typically suspended or stored to permit quick and unimpeded access by flight deck crew
- they are typically rated up to 40,000’
11
Q
What are airline drop-down units (Dixie Cup)?
A
- the continuous flow, phase dilution mask look similar to general aviation rebreather masks
- however they function differently which allows them to go to higher altitudes
- mask can be used safely up to 40,000’
12
Q
What is Gaseuos Aviators Breathing Oxygen (ABO)? What are some advantages and disadvantages?
A
- Storing oxygen as a gas has the major advantage of being more economical.
- Aviator’s oxygen must meet certain standards to ensure that it is safe to be taken to altitude.
- Neither medical grade nor industrial grade oxygen is safe to substitute because they do not meet the same stringent
standards as ABO. - 0.01% of liquid is in aviation oxygen. This is to prevent freezing within the storage container
- The major disadvantage is the weight and bulk of the storage containers, which may become an issue in smaller aircraft.
13
Q
What is Liquid Aviators Breathing Oxygen (LOX)? What are some advantages and disadvantages?
A
- The advantage of LOX is that it has a nine hundred-to-one expansion ratio.
- This means that one liter of LOX will expand into 900 gaseous liters of ABO. This provides a three-to-one space and a five-to-one weight savings over gaseous ABO.
- The major disadvantages are that LOX is stored at its critical temperature of minus 197º F and its volatile nature when it comes in contact with petroleum products.
- If LOX comes in contact with exposed skin, severe frostbite may occur.
14
Q
What are sodium chlorate candles (aka solid-state oxygen)? What are some advantages and disadvantages?
A
- Sodium chlorate is a chemical that, when heated to 350º F, will thermally decompose and release oxygen.
- Sodium chlorate candles have the advantage of saving weight and space over ABO because they provide a six hundred-to-one expansion ratio.
- The major disadvantage is that once the chemical reaction starts (the candle is activated), it can’t be stopped easily.
- Additionally, the candle produces a great deal of heat and precautions must be taken to avoid a fire hazard.
15
Q
What are Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generators (MSOG)? What are some advantages and disadvantages?
A
- The air we breathe contains 21% oxygen and the remainder is nitrogen and inert gases that play no major role in respiration.
- MSOGs take ambient air and separate oxygen from the nitrogen and inert gases. The separated oxygen is concentrated and used to supply the aircraft.
- The military has used this system for many years, as well as medical patients who need a portable oxygen system.
-Civil aviation hasn’t embraced MSOG, but it may become more common in future aircraft.
