Superpowers key terms Flashcards
Blue Water Navy
A blue-water navy is a maritime force that can operate globally, across the deep waters of the open ocean. Blue-water navies are capable of projecting a nation’s power around the world and exercising sea control at long range
Diplomacy
Negotiation and decision making between nations as part of International Relations.
Ideology
A set of beliefs, values and opinions held by many people in a society. These determine what is considered normal or acceptable behaviour. Superpowers project their ideology onto others EG: Western beliefs about free speech.
Geo-strategic policies
(Geo-strategic = policies in terms of securing needed resources, both within the country and globally). This is called the Heartland Theory.
The Cold War
A period of tension between ideologically rival superpowers, capitalist the USA and the communist USSR 1945-1990
Neo-colonialism
Neo-colonialism is where less-developed countries are still indirectly controlled by superpowers through economic, cultural or political methods. EG – TNC investment, Aid, trade, language, culture etc. This is considered a “soft power” method, in contrast to the “hard power” of colonialism, which is a direct method of maintaining control.
Capitalist markets
Free market = private ownership or property and business, right to make a profit and accumulate wealth, buying and selling of goods occurs in a competitive free market system, E.G USA, Western Europe, Japan
Communist markets
Government owns property - land and business, profits used by government to improve and provide public services, prices controlled by governments who control supplies, E.G USSR, China, Eastern Europe, Cuba
World bank
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. It’s not a bank in the ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development. The World Bank Group comprises five institutions managed by their member countries.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The IMF is an organisation of 189 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
World Economic Forum (WEF)
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an independent international organisation committed to improving the state of the world. As stated in its mission, it, “engages business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas.”
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only international organisation dealing with the global rules of trade. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
Coalition
Works with other countries/managing together
Unilaterally
Working individually
Hedgemony
The dominance of a superpower over other
countries.
