Globalisation Revision

Question 1

What is Globalisation?

Answer 1

It is defined as the increasing integration of economies, people and places around the world through the movement of goods, services and capital across borders. There are also further dimensions of globalisation such as cultural, political and environmental factors.

Question 2

What is a Shrinking world?

Answer 2

This is when travel time between places decreases and distance declines in terms of its significance. Generally brought about by transport innovations and improvements.

Question 3

What are the main global flows?

Answer 3

1. Capital
2. Commodities (materials)
3. Information
4. Tourists
5. Migrant

Question 4

What are Transnational Corporations (TNCS)?

Answer 4

Businesses that operate across the world. Both as the maker and sellers of goods and services. Many of the largest are instantly recogniseable ‘global brands’ that bring cultural change to places where products are consumed. E.G. Nike, Coke, McDonalds.

Question 5

What does interdependent mean?

Answer 5

When two places become reliant on financial or political connections. For example, if an economic recession affects a host country for the worst, it will also impact migrant workers. The economy of the source country may shrink too due to falling remittances (money sent home from migrants).

Question 6

What is the spatial division of labour?

Answer 6

The common practice among TNC’s of moving low - skilled work abroad/offshore to place where costs are low. Important skilled managerial roles tend to remain in the place of origin.

Question 7

Innovations in transport

Answer 7

Steam power - Britain became the leading world power in the 1800’s using steam technology. Steam ships and trains moved goods and armies quickly along trade routes in Asia and Africa

Railways - in the 1800’s, railway networks expanded globally. By 1904, the 9000km Trans - Siberian railway connected Moscow with China and Japan. Today, railway construction remains a priority for governments across the world. The bullet train in Japan reachers speeds of 250mph

Jet aircraft - Early aircraft’s changed teh world socially, economically, and politically in a way that has never been done before. They generally cruise at 609mph cutting time massively.

Container ship - containerisation caused a revolution in the world of shipping, Otis introduction did not have an easy passage. Ports, railway companies, and shippers were concerned about the huge costs of developing the ports and railway infrastructure needed to handle container ships. Containerisation has lowered shipping expense and decreased shipping time, and this has in turn helped the growth of international trade. Cargo that once arrived in cartons, crates, bales, barrels or bags now comes in factory sealed containers, with no indication to the human eye of their contents, except for a product code that machines can scan and computers retrace. This system of tracking has been so exact that a two-week voyage can be timed for arrival with an accuracy of under fifteen minutes. It has resulted in such revolutions as on time guaranteed delivery.

Question 8

Development of communication?

Answer 8

1. Telephone
2. The internet, social networks and Skype/face time
3. Broadband amd fibre optic
4. Telegraph
5. GIS (Geographical information systems) GPS (Global positioning systems)