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SUPERPOWERS! Flashcards

1
Q

what is an emerging power?

A

a country that has increasing influence but is not yet dominant E.g. Brazil Russia India and China (BRIC emerging powers)

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2
Q

what is a superpower?

A

A country with a dominating power and influence, means that this country influences different parts of the world beyond their own borders

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3
Q

what is a hegemon?

A

A supreme power or a country that is dominant over others

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4
Q

superpowers’ economies in 2018:

A

The USA has a larger economy than Japan
USA has GDP of $20 trillion
China has GDP of $14 trillion

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5
Q

what is the most powerful currency?

A

US dollar

some investors do not trust other currencies

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6
Q

three largest economies in the world:

A

The USA: $20 trillion GDP in 2018
China: $14 trillion GDP in 2018
Japan: $5 trillion GDP in 2018

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7
Q

how much of the global GDP do the world’s 10 largest economics earn?

A

65%

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8
Q

Russia as a superpower:

A

Controls the Arctic region with untapped resources
contains 11% of the worlds landmass
Population of 145 million people in 2016

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9
Q

examples of member nations of the G20:

A

The UK
the USA
Mexico
China

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10
Q

what is the G20?

A

The 20 largest economies in the world

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11
Q

examples of nations with nuclear weapons:

A

israel
USA
Pakistan
India

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12
Q

which measure is the best indicator of military strength in the modern day?

A

defence spending

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13
Q

what is a key characteristic of being a superpower in the 21st-century?

A

cultural influence

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14
Q

how is a superpowers cultural influence increased?

A

Through their presence on digital platforms media companies and film studios have a big role to play in sporting culture across the world

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15
Q

Who was influential in US raw materials in the 1890s and 1900s?

A

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

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16
Q

what was key to kickstarting the industrial revolution in the 19th century?

A

the UK’s supply of coal

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17
Q

what is Singapore’s population?

A

5.6 million

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18
Q

what was the name of the oil company broken up by congress in the 1900s?

A

Standard Oil

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19
Q

which natural resources were the USA rich in?

A

iron and steel

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20
Q

how did MacKinder think Britain could dominate the world?

A

using the sea

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21
Q

when was MacKinder’s theory developed?

A

1904

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22
Q

what is an example of soft power?

A

dominance of global multimedia

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23
Q

what are some major historic colonial powers?

A

Britain
Spain
the Netherlands

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24
Q

what is neo-colonialism?

A

when less-developed countries are still indirectly controlled by superpowers through economic cultural or political methods

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25
how much aid was given by the US Marshall plan after World War II?
$12 billion
26
what are types of hard power?
coercive measures military force economic sanctions
27
China is run by what kind of government?
Authoritarian
28
how many people were lifted out of poverty in China between 2012 and 2017?
68.53 million
29
what is the fertility rate in China?
1.57 births per woman (below replacement levels)
30
Global firepower military rankings:
1. USA 2. Russia 3. China
31
in 2016 roughly how many more people lived in BRIC nations relative to the USA?
3 billion
32
how much did China’s carbon emissions rise by in the first part of 2018?
4%
33
what has Brazil net exported since 2011?
Oil
34
Brazil’s characteristics:
cultural: host of 2016 Rio olympics, host of 2014 Football World Cup demographic: median pop age of 31.3 in 2015, fertility rate: 1.8 in 2015 (vs 6 in 1960) environmental: amazon rainforest contains 13% of world’s biodiversity
35
which of the BRIC nations is in the best demographic position?
Brazil
36
what percentage of GDP does Brazil spend on its military?
2.166%
37
Brazil facts:
2.166% of its GDP spent on its military 10 day strike of truckers its economy is predicted to rise by 2.3% in 2018
38
what has happened to the rate of deforestation in Brazil between 2015 and 2017?
It has doubled
39
how large is the Russian economy relative to the rest of the world?
ninth largest
40
what is Russia dependent on?
Oil and gas exports
41
Russia’s characteristics:
cultural: slavic languages, 2018 football world cup demographic: fertility rate of 1.75 environmental: deforestation of taiga and boreal forest
42
what does the World Bank predict Russia’s economic growth will be between 2018 and 2020?
1.5 to 1.8%
43
what was Russia’s fertility rate in 2015?
1.75
44
where in India did BT outsource a lot of its call centres?
Bangalore
45
how many people died in religion related riots in 2012?
97
46
what is the expected economic growth rate for India between 2018 and 2020?
7 to 8%
47
what is the social hierarchy enforced in India called?
the caste system
48
why are peripheral regions unable to make the maximum profit according to the Dependency Theory?
because the terms of trade are unfavourable and they are stuck exporting raw materials without having secondary or tertiary ‘value-added’ activities
49
Who developed the World Systems Theory?
Wallerstein
50
what does Dependency Theory describe?
A vicious cycle or ‘negative feedback loop’ developing countries can’t add value to the products by processing them into goods because they don’t have the infrastructure, expertise or capacity to do this
51
what does the World System’s theory argue?
that the core and periphery model helps to explain the development gap
52
in the World System’s theory model, where does the processing and value-add of raw materials take place?
developed nations
53
the most important 8 nations in the IMF control what percentage of its votes?
47%
54
what are some key focuses of the IMF?
terrorism improving the world corruption
55
how many of the 164 WTO member are developing nations?
over 3/4
56
what does SAP stand for?
Structural Adjustment Program
57
when was the Dutch East India company founded?
1602
58
cuisine based TNCs spreading Western culture:
``` mcdonald’s burger king pizza hut subway shake shack ```
59
what do TNCs transmit around the world?
know-how technology training cuisine
60
in 2018 the top three most valuable brands were from what country?
america
61
multimedia TNCs spreading Western culture:
``` instagram youtube netflix disney amazon twitter ```
62
which British company ran much of India’s global trade in the colonial era?
East India Company
63
what is a patent?
the company exclusively owns the idea and concept of that product anyone who uses this technology or process has to pay a royalty to the company who owns the patent
64
outlines of the US humanitarian actions in Haiti since 2010:
$5.1bil in aid 72,000 children immunised 164 new health clinics
65
what do alliances increase?
interdependence
66
the United Nations:
International Court of Justice Security Council Peacekeeping missions Climate Change conferences
67
what is the ANZUS Treaty?
Australia, New Zealand, US Security set up in 1951 | to cooperate on military matter in Pacific and stop spread of communism in region
68
what is NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation | military alliance formed in 1949 at start of Cold War: underlying principle is that an attack on one is an attack on all
69
how many peacekeeping missions does the UN have across the globe currently?
14
70
information about NATO:
a military alliance formed in 1949 20,000 personnel operating on NATO missions eg. Afghanistan
71
how much does the EU aim to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by from 1990 levels before 2020?
20%
72
which country extracts the most fossil fuel in the world?
China
73
how much is Russia trying to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by before 2020 (compared to 1990 levels)?
30%
74
how much has China’s consumption of cereals (raise farm animals) increased by between 2000 and 2018?
364%
75
what percentage of fake goods in the USA found in 2017 came from China?
88%
76
which territory in Eastern Europe is disputed between Russia and Ukraine?
Crimea
77
which countries claim territory in the South China Sea?
Taiwan Vietnam China Malaysia
78
why are tensions rising between Tibet and China?
china is encouraging migration into Tibet
79
in 2014, how much was China-Africa trade worth?
$220 billion
80
what are some african countries that received large investment from china?
egypt, nigeria, algeria, south africa and mozambique
81
where did japanese troops reportedly kill 50,000-300,000 chinese citizens in the 1930s?
Nanking
82
which two regions in/near china are sources of geopolitical tensions?
Taiwan and Tibet
83
which city in the middle east to palestine and israel both claim?
Jerusalem
84
negative effects linked to economics recessions:
suicide depression unemployment crime
85
which manufacturing sector drove Detroit before deindustrialisation set in?
automobile manufacturing
86
which new US military department did Donald Trump announce he would open?
Space force
87
what happened during the 2007-08 financial crisis?
Banks had lent to people who couldn’t afford their mortgages Banks were very interconnected and there was contamination governments bailed out banks like Lloyds and RBS
88
superpower debt:
household debt government debt: 85.6% of GDP in UK, 132% of GDP in Italy corporate debt
89
why might China rival USA’s hegemony?
population of roughly 1 .4 billion people in 2018 rise of Chinese TNCs eg. Tencent and Alibaba growing soft power in Africa (resulting from finance and infrastructure)
90
what scenarios are most likely to emerge by 2050?
USA, China and India in a multipolar world USA and China in a bipolar world USA in unipolar world USA, China and Russia in multipolar world

Human Geography (5 decks)

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