Diverse Places Flashcards
Population density
The number of people per unit area (usually per sq km), i.e. the total population of a given area (a country/ region/ city/ place) divided by its area
Natural change
The outcome of the balance between births and deaths in a population during a given period. Natural increase occurs when births exceed deaths; natural decrease occurs when deaths exceed births
Net migration
The balance at a national level between international arrivals (immigrants) and international departures (emigrants) during a given period. However, with areas within a country, the term takes into account both international and internal. The balances can be either positive or negative
Population pyramid
A histogram, constructed in one-, five- or 10- year age groups, with males on one side and females on the other. The base of the pyramid represents the youngest age group and apex the oldest
Perception
The ‘picture’ or ‘image’ of reality held by a person or group of people resulting from their assessment of received information
Rural idyll
A ‘chocolate box’ image of quaint villages set in beautiful countryside. A place thought to be free of most of the negatives associated with urban living
Enclave
A group of people surrounded by a group or groups of entirely different people in terms of ethnicity, culture or wealth
Assimilation
The process by which different groups within a community intermingle and become more alike. The process particularly applies to the integration of immigrant ethnic groups
Gentrification
The movement of middle-class people into rundown, inner-urban areas and the associated improvement of the housing stock and area image
Management
A set of actions that facilitates the transition from one situation to another. More specifically, those actions might be aimed at solving or ameliorating a particular problem or issue
Stakeholder
An individual, group or organisation with a particular interest in the actions and outcomes of a project or issue-solving exercise
Demographic
Of or relating to some aspect of a population, for example its size, rate of change, density and composition
Demographic transition
A model representing changing rates of fertility and mortality over time, their changing balances and their net effect on rates of population growth
Life expectancy
The average number of years from birth that a person born in a particular year can expect to live. In developed countries, women enjoy greater life expectancy than men by a margin of a few years
Internal migration
The movement of population within a country, as distinct from the movement of people between countries (international migration)
International migration (immigration and emigration)
The movement of people between countries. Immigration refers to the arrival of people from other countries; emigration refers to the departure of people to other countries
Cultural change
The modification of society through innovation, invention, discovery or contact with other societies
Sense of place
An overarching impression encompassing the general ways in which people feel about places
Living space
In a narrow sense, the term refers to land given over to housing. In its broader sense, the term embraces all that space given over to the day-to-day needs of a population, from work, shopping and leisure to education, healthcare and entertainment
Social isolation
A complete or near complete lack of contact with people or society. It differs from loneliness, which is a temporary lack of contact with other people
Counter-urbanisation
The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements and rural places located beyond the city, or to more distant, smaller cities and towns
Culture
This is the way of life, especially the general customs, values and beliefs, of a particular group of people that are passed on from one generation to the next
Suburbanisation
The outwards spread of the built-up area, often at lower densities compared with older parts of a town or city. The decentralisation - of people first and then employment - is encouraged by transport improvements
Social housing, affordable housing
A key function of social housing is to provide accommodation at affordable rents to people on low incomes. According to Shelter, social housing and affordable housing are one and the same thing. However some would make the distinction that affordable housing also includes dwellings (usually built by housing associations) for sale at below market prices for first-time buyers
Yuppie
Short for ‘young urban professional’ or ‘young upwardly mobile professional’ - a young, university-educated adult who has a well-paid job and who lives and works in a large city
Multiculturalism
The co-existence of different cultural groups. A sharing of living space by people drawn from different cultural backgrounds
