Diverse Places

Question 1

Population density

Answer 1

The number of people per unit area (usually per sq km), i.e. the total population of a given area (a country/ region/ city/ place) divided by its area

Question 2

Natural change

Answer 2

The outcome of the balance between births and deaths in a population during a given period. Natural increase occurs when births exceed deaths; natural decrease occurs when deaths exceed births

Question 3

Net migration

Answer 3

The balance at a national level between international arrivals (immigrants) and international departures (emigrants) during a given period. However, with areas within a country, the term takes into account both international and internal. The balances can be either positive or negative

Question 4

Population pyramid

Answer 4

A histogram, constructed in one-, five- or 10- year age groups, with males on one side and females on the other. The base of the pyramid represents the youngest age group and apex the oldest

Question 5

Perception

Answer 5

The ‘picture’ or ‘image’ of reality held by a person or group of people resulting from their assessment of received information

Question 6

Rural idyll

Answer 6

A ‘chocolate box’ image of quaint villages set in beautiful countryside. A place thought to be free of most of the negatives associated with urban living

Question 7

Enclave

Answer 7

A group of people surrounded by a group or groups of entirely different people in terms of ethnicity, culture or wealth

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

The process by which different groups within a community intermingle and become more alike. The process particularly applies to the integration of immigrant ethnic groups

Question 9

Gentrification

Answer 9

The movement of middle-class people into rundown, inner-urban areas and the associated improvement of the housing stock and area image

Question 10

Management

Answer 10

A set of actions that facilitates the transition from one situation to another. More specifically, those actions might be aimed at solving or ameliorating a particular problem or issue

Question 11

Stakeholder

Answer 11

An individual, group or organisation with a particular interest in the actions and outcomes of a project or issue-solving exercise

Question 12

Demographic

Answer 12

Of or relating to some aspect of a population, for example its size, rate of change, density and composition

Question 13

Demographic transition

Answer 13

A model representing changing rates of fertility and mortality over time, their changing balances and their net effect on rates of population growth

Question 14

Life expectancy

Answer 14

The average number of years from birth that a person born in a particular year can expect to live. In developed countries, women enjoy greater life expectancy than men by a margin of a few years

Question 15

Internal migration

Answer 15

The movement of population within a country, as distinct from the movement of people between countries (international migration)

Question 16

International migration (immigration and emigration)

Answer 16

The movement of people between countries. Immigration refers to the arrival of people from other countries; emigration refers to the departure of people to other countries

Question 17

Cultural change

Answer 17

The modification of society through innovation, invention, discovery or contact with other societies

Question 18

Sense of place

Answer 18

An overarching impression encompassing the general ways in which people feel about places

Question 19

Living space

Answer 19

In a narrow sense, the term refers to land given over to housing. In its broader sense, the term embraces all that space given over to the day-to-day needs of a population, from work, shopping and leisure to education, healthcare and entertainment

Question 20

Social isolation

Answer 20

A complete or near complete lack of contact with people or society. It differs from loneliness, which is a temporary lack of contact with other people

Question 21

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 21

The movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller settlements and rural places located beyond the city, or to more distant, smaller cities and towns

Question 22

Culture

Answer 22

This is the way of life, especially the general customs, values and beliefs, of a particular group of people that are passed on from one generation to the next

Question 23

Suburbanisation

Answer 23

The outwards spread of the built-up area, often at lower densities compared with older parts of a town or city. The decentralisation - of people first and then employment - is encouraged by transport improvements

Question 24

Social housing, affordable housing

Answer 24

A key function of social housing is to provide accommodation at affordable rents to people on low incomes. According to Shelter, social housing and affordable housing are one and the same thing. However some would make the distinction that affordable housing also includes dwellings (usually built by housing associations) for sale at below market prices for first-time buyers

Question 25

Yuppie

Answer 25

Short for ‘young urban professional’ or ‘young upwardly mobile professional’ - a young, university-educated adult who has a well-paid job and who lives and works in a large city

Question 26

Multiculturalism

Answer 26

The co-existence of different cultural groups. A sharing of living space by people drawn from different cultural backgrounds